The geometry of leaf margins is an important shape characteristic that distinguishes among different leaf phenotypes. Current definitions of leaf shape are qualitative and do not allow quantification of differences in shape between phenotypes. This is especially true for leaves with some non-trivial three-dimensional (3D) configurations. Here we present a novel geometrical method novel geometri...

The paper presents results obtained using a transient analysis technique for point contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) problems based on a formulation that couples the elastic and hydrodynamic equations. Results are presented for transverse ground surfaces in elliptical point contact that show severe film thinning and asperity contact at the transverse limits of the contact area. This ...

Dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) exhibits superiority of shift invariance, directional selectivity, perfect reconstruction (PR), and limited redundancy and can effectively separate various surface components. However, in nano scale the morphology contains pits and convexities and is more complex to characterize. This paper presents an improved approach which can simultaneously separ...

Mechanical properties of the adventitia are largely determined by the organization of collagen fibers. Measurements on the waviness and orientation of collagen, particularly at the zero-stress state, are necessary to relate the structural organization of collagen to the mechanical response of the adventitia. Using the fluorescence collagen marker CNA38-OG488 and confocal laser scanning microsco...

Abstract Paint appearance is an important requirement for outer automobile panels. Since the last decade automotive manufacturers started reducing paint thickness to address environmental concerns. As a result, surface roughening of steel substrate due stamping becomes critical factor appearance. Although much research work has been conducted on roughening, limited focused waviness and conditio...

Original scientific paper In this work, TiC cladded layer has been produced by laser scanning over the preplaced TiC powder on aluminium substrate, using a pulse Nd:YAG laser. Depending on the effective energy density at the specimen surface, TiC was deposited or partially dispersed into the melted aluminium at the specimen surface. Microstructure was evaluated using optical microscopy and SEM/...

Squeeze film dampers (SFDs) are often used in machines with high rotational speed to reduce non-periodic behavior by creating external damping. There are some structural parameters which are of great importance in designing these systems, such as oil film thickness and inner race mass of SFD. Moreover, there is a crucial parameter associated with manufacturing process, under the title of wavine...

The excellent mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them the ideal reinforcements for high performance composites. The misalignment and waviness of CNTs within composites are two major issues that limit the reinforcing efficiency. We report an effective method to increase the strength and stiffness of high volume fraction, aligned CNT composites by reducing CNT waviness using a ...

Prior static studies of three-dimensionally woven carbon/epoxy textile composites show that large interlaminar normal and shear strains occur as a result of layer waviness under static compression loading. This study addresses the dynamic response of 3D through-thickness angle interlock textile composites, and how interaction between different layer waviness influences the modal frequencies. Th...

Steel and textile cord coating is one of the key rubber processing technologies in tiremaking industry. It is carried out on calendering lines where thickness variation across the sheet profile and downstream is very difficult to fulfill. Recent development of optoelectronics and derived sensory systems has enabled the replacement of traditional radioactive systems for measurement of calendered...