The ground-state phases of a one-dimensional SU~4! spin-orbital Hamiltonian in a generalized external field are studied on the basis of the Bethe-ansatz solution. Introducing three Landé g factors for spin, orbital, and their products in the SU~4! Zeeman term, we systematically discuss various symmetry breakings. The magnetization versus external field is evaluated by solving the Bethe-ansatz e...

Fast-moving squall lines observed in the tropical oceans are treated as a gravity wave generated by the latent heat release associated with deep cumulus convection. A simple two-dimensional diagnostic linear gravity wave model forced by a zonally propagating heat source is presented. The effect of cumulus friction, or momentum exchange due to cumulus convection, is included in the wave momentum...

In summertime, eastern China experiences severe ozone pollution. Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT), as the primary natural source of tropospheric ozone, may have a non-negligible contribution to ground-level ozone. Rossby wave breaking (RWB) is leading mechanism that triggers STT, which can be categorized anticyclonic breakings (AWBs) and cyclonic (CWBs). This study uses an objective ...

The low-lying reef islands distributed in the tropical and subtropical coastal regions are highly vulnerable to devastating damages of surges waves during severe weather events. Over past two decades, extreme have caused tremendous loss regions. Previous research has focused on wave hydrodynamics tsunami waves, as well regular irregular fringing reefs. complex reefs rarely studied. By applying ...

The following conference report considers hydrogen gases with odd and even rotational quantum number as two separate gases, the ortho para varieties which do not interconvert in absence of a catalyst. physical catalysis is interpreted terms symmetry breakings introduced by solid to pass round peculiar selection rules molecular assigned Pauli Principle. catalytic effect presents striking reducin...