At the commencement of this paper it was stated that the | Bara river crossed the Mahmaud tract obliquely towards the I north-east. In tlii3 course it flows about a mile to the south of the city, which, with cantonments, it will be remembered, occupies the north-eastern verge of that elevated tract. Its level at this part, however, is too low to admit of its water being drawn off for the use of...

This paper discusses some theories of constructivist learning and the relevance of software models with experiential learning. The applications of Empirical Modelling for two different kinds of teaching models are explored and compared against implementations using procedural languages. Using a series of models of a water supply system, the paper demonstrates the use of an Empirical Modelling a...

At the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg in 2002, the international community agreed to a target to halve the proportion of people who lack access to basic sanitation by 2015. Available information paints a grim picture of the water and sanitation conditions in much of the developing countries. The great majority of these people live in Asia and Africa. Over one-hal...

An essential challenge for many developing countries is improvement of water supply system to ensure urban water supply safety and reliability. Penalty, subsidy and water price increase are often considered as the main incentive measures for improving urban water supply system. However, the implementation of these policies is confronting some uncertainties because of the conflicts of involved a...