An increasing drive for water efficiency is leading to a corresponding growing interest in a variety of water recycling initiatives to assist in water efficiency efforts. While available knowledge and technologies exist to provide suitable fit-for-purpose recycled water, concern exists relating to water quality issues, particularly microbial pathogens and chemicals-of-concern. At times these co...

12 This white paper was commissioned by the Florida Onsite Wastewater Association, Inc. (FOWA), a nonprofit corporation, and is intended to examine the status of Florida’s water recycling efforts and offer sound choices for future water management efforts. A stated purpose of the organization’s bylaws is “to protect and maintain the environment of the state of Florida . . ..”[1]. Likewise, deve...

Recycling irrigation reservoirs (RIRs) are emerging aquatic environments of global significance to crop production, water conservation and environmental sustainability. This study characterized the diversity and population structure of cyanobacteria and other detected microbes in water samples from eight RIRs and one adjacent runoff-free stream at three ornamental crop nurseries in eastern (VA1...

Toshimasa Akamatsu Noboru Oda OVERVIEW: Many countries and regions around the world are facing threats of severe water shortages or degradation of the water environment resulting from factors such as explosive population growth, rising living standards brought about by economic progress, and increasing use of industrial water. Using the advanced technologies of water treatment systems, informat...

Water reclamation and reuse are an important means to alleviate the shortage of water resources. This paper proposes several different decision-making models investigate what participants in industrial recycling, including users, suppliers, local governments, should do situations. In models, decision logics about presented. Finally, used a case study some meaningful results obtained. The explai...

Evaporation is a key parameter in the regional atmospheric water cycle. Precipitation recycling is defined as the contribution of water that evaporates from a region to precipitation within the same region. We apply a dynamic precipitation recycling model, which includes a dynamic moisture storage term, to calculate the warm season variability of the precipitation recycling over central Europe ...