according to the current state of water resources and the increasing demand for water, the supply of future needs will be faced with serious constraints. on the one hand, the failure to supply sometimes causes social and political problems. on the other hand, improper exploitation of water resources will lead to irreparable damages. therefore, the use of optimization models for the planning of ...

Hard rock aquifers for the purpose of this Paper mean the non-carbonate, fractured rock aquifers in the terrain covered by crystalline basement complex, metamorphic rocks and also by extensive effusive volcanic rocks like the basalts of western India (Deccan traps. Ground water development in hard rock aquifer areas has always played a secondary role compared to that in the areas having high-yi...

abstract water is a vital resource for every biological and human phenomena. nowadays, water management and conservation has a great importance not only in developing countries, but also in developed countries. in traditional economics, water is not taken into consideration as a factor of production in the national accounts. nevertheless in reality, water is the primary input of many goods and ...

In today’s world renewable energy is highly demanding because of increasing oil and fuelprices, desire and necessity to avert irreversible climate damage and also the unreliability of the non -renewablesources. In renewable energy, water is an important source. Previously water is used only for survivalof human being as much as food but no attentionhas been givenen to economical use and conserv...

nowadays, many governments have found that the main cause of water crises in agricultural sector related to neglecting farmers’ role in irrigation and drainage networks management. water users association has been considered in order to transferring irrigation management to local beneficiaries. if farmers' opinion toward such transferring don't be investigated, it may lead to failure....

the main objective of the present study was investigation on influences of different brackish water sources on freshwater prawn larval quality and developmental indices. for this study, along a larval period, four brackish water treatments with 12 ppt salinity including diluted marine water, brackish water from marine crystalline salt, brackish water with compounds of new formula and brackish w...

development projects in natural water resources like rivers and lakes, specially transferring water to use in agriculture, domestic and industrial sector without considering environmental values, causes irrecoverable and irreversible damage to ecosystem and future options. if we consider the future generation and species rights, those damages and costs can be very much than we take in. the abov...