Prior to slaughter, most farmed birds move through a constant-voltage, multiple-bird, electrical water-bath stun system. Using this system subjects live birds to stressful and painful shackling, and the potential exists for them to receive prestun electric shocks and induction of seizures while still conscious. The existing electrical water-bath stunner settings, particularly those used in U.S....

J. L. Salinas1, A. Castellarin2, A. Viglione1, S. Kohnová3, and T. R. Kjeldsen4 1Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria 2Department DICAM, School of Civil Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy 3Department of Land and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, SUT Bratislava, Bratislava, Slov...

In this study, we investigated the effects of CO2 water-bath therapy on blood flow and angiogenesis in the ischemic hind limb, as well as some plasma angiogenic factors in peripheral ischemic model. The hind limb ischemia was induced by occluding the femoral artery for 2 weeks in rats and treated with or without CO2 water-bath therapy at 37 °C for 4 weeks (20 min treatment every day for 5 days ...

T h e activity of nematodes in unstirred water frequently decreases due to the depletion of oxygen from their surrounding microenvironment (1,2,3,). In in vitro studies on the activity of Nothanguina phyllobia T h o r n e we found it essential to prevent this by constantly agitating nematode suspensions. Various physiological processes are undoubtedly affected at oxygen tensions which inhibit a...

Conventional controller’s usually required a prior knowledge of mathematical modelling of the process. The inaccuracy of mathematical modelling degrades the performance of the process, especially for non-linear and complex control problem. The process used is Water-Bath system, which is most widely used and nonlinear to some extent. For Water-Bath system, it is necessary to attain desired tempe...

Conventional controller’s usually required a prior knowledge of mathematical modelling of the process. The inaccuracy of mathematical modelling degrades the performance of the process, especially for non-linear and complex control problem. The process used is Water-Bath system, which is most widely used and nonlinear to some extent. For Water-Bath system, it is necessary to attain desired tempe...

Methods: After contaminating a boot with pig manure, the examiner either stepped through a boot bath of 1% Virkon®S; stood in a boot bath of 1% Virkon®S for 2 minutes; scrubbed the boot for 30 seconds in a boot bath of 1% Virkon®S; or scrubbed the boot for 30 seconds in a water bath and then stepped through a boot bath of 1% Virkon®S. Untreated, contaminated boots, and boots scrubbed for 30 sec...

Stress exerts a profound, yet complex, influence on learning and memory and can enhance, impair or have no effect on these processes. Here, we have examined how the administration of stress at different times before learning affects long-term (24-hr) memory for neutral and emotional information. Participants submerged their dominant hand into a bath of ice cold water (Stress) or into a bath of ...

J. L. Salinas1, A. Castellarin2, S. Kohnová3, and T. R. Kjeldsen4 1Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria 2Department DICAM, School of Civil Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy 3Department of Land and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, SUT Bratislava, Slovak Republic 4Department of...