Abstract In recent years, the modernisation process has led to a radical transformation of territory, producing waste in various forms (José Zapata Campos and Michael Hall Organising city, Bristol University Press, 2013). Waste, not only sense domestic or industrial but also broader concept linked territory landscape’s spatial context. The relates degraded subsequently abandoned area. Places un...

An elevated physiological dead space, calculated from measurements of arterial CO2 and mixed expired CO2, has proven to be a useful clinical marker of prognosis both for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and for patients with severe heart failure. Although a frequently cited explanation for an elevated dead space measurement has been the development of alveolar regions receiving...

AIMS Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure is limited by many non-responders. This study explores whether degree of wasted left ventricular (LV) work identifies CRT responders. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-one patients who received CRT according to guidelines were studied before and after 8 ± 3 months. By definition, segments that shorten in systole perform positive work, whe...

IN MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS, epithelial sheets function as a barrier between two compartments via their ability to form tight junctions (TJs), which regulate the diffusion of fluid, electrolytes, and small molecules through the paracellular pathway. Members of the relatively recently described Claudin (Cldn) family of integral membrane proteins, with at least 23 distinct members in mammals, are ...

The problem examined in this report is the calculation of the average wasted space at the end of the block when variable length records are inserted in the file. Previous efforts are based in approximations. Here, a detailed analysis based on Markov chains gives the exact solution. A framework is presented which shows the relations between the previous approaches. The proposed model includes th...

Our understanding of magnesium (Mg(2+)) regulation has recently been catapulted forward by the discovery of several disease loci for monogenic disorders of Mg(2+) homeostasis. In this issue of the JCI, Groenestege et al. report that their study of a rare inherited Mg(2+) wasting disorder in consanguineous kindred shows that EGF acts as an autocrine/paracrine magnesiotropic hormone (see the rela...