With the growth of capital market, the shareholding structure of companies has become more complex. Direct ownership is easily recognizable through companies’ shareholders information, however with the formation of cross shareholding among companies, a kind of indirect and complex shareholding has emerged which is not observable. The primary owners (original owners) can take over other companie...

abstract the purpose of this study is to examine the economic impacts of developing and introducing almond late flowering cultivars during 1968 to 2019 years in iran, which developed in sahand horticultural research station using the economic surplus model and field and time series data. the estimation of shift parameter identifies that almond late flowering cultivars make almond supply curve m...

according to the increasing importance of green space and environment, decision making of environmental policy is growing at the national level and internationally, so there is an urgent need for information that could be used to promote efficient environmental decision making. in this study the economic benefits associated with eram garden of shiraz, is estimated using a double-bounded dichoto...

AIM Present study calculates and analyzes Cost of illness of tuberculosis in Tehran. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a descriptive analytical study conducted among 121 patients in two stages in 2011. In the first stage, questionnaires were collected by reviewing patient records and phone interviews with patients. The second stage deals with the calculation of costs. For cost calculation, ...

In this study, the Input- Output Structural Decomposition Analysis (I-O SDA) is used to investigate the effects of technological structure changes on changes of total output in Sistan and Baluchestan Province during 2006-2011. The technological structure change is decomposed into two factors: intermediate input structure changes (input substitution) and change in direct backward linkage. The re...

external costs of environmental degradation are often ignored in economic analysis of projects. the mail goal of the paper is to economically analyze the current alternatives of meighan wetland utilization including extraction of sodium sulfate, aquaculture of artemia and integrative alternative considering external costs of wetland degradation. in order to detect eventual degradation of wetlan...