Ice formation within rock is known to be an important driver of near-surface frost weathering as well as of rock damage at the depth of several meters, which may play a crucial role for the slow preconditioning of rock fall in steep permafrost areas. This letter reports results from an experiment where acoustic emission monitoring was used to investigate rock damage in a high-alpine rockwall in...

key words: wall paintings, rocky hewn churches, Cappadocia (Turkey), pigments, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry This paper presents the results of the analysis on the rock hewn wall paintings of eleven churches in Cappadocia, Turkey. A large group of churches in the region of Nevşehir were analysed in order to increase the database of materials and techniques of medie...

slope stability is one of the major and determiner parameters in the economy and safety of open pit mines. failure and consequently rupture of the slope caused no compensable economic and humanity losses. so, probability assessment of the further failure for presentation of damages and additional costs is of prime importance. in this research, stability analysis and probability assessment of th...

Evaluation of the excavation-induced ground movements is an important design aspect of supporting system in urban areas. This evaluation process is more critical to the old buildings or sensitive structures which exist in the excavation-affected zone. Frame distortion and crack generation are predictor, of building damage resulted from excavation-induced ground movements, which pose challenges ...

This extended abstract contains two topics: stability of a pitched rock slope (in contrast to randomly placed rock) and mitigation excessive wave overtopping at an existing slope. The single layer could reasonably well be predicted by the Van der Meer formula. criteria for start damage failure, however, become much stricter armour layer. commonly used EurOtop-equations were fit influence factor...

Observations of the relationship between linear or planar features on either side of dykes usually form the basis of a field determination of their mode of emplacement, although it is known that sections oblique to planar features may lead to conflicting results. In Eastern Tasmania only rarely are examples encountered where dyke wall-rock units are of use. However, dyke wall irregularities are...

Fracture mechanics is a vital component involved in studying the exact behavior of rock materials. Detection and assessment of the behavior of rock joints injected by grout plays an important role in numerical modelling in rock mechanic projects. The importance of mechanisms associated with initiation and propagation of cracks due to hydraulic fracturing has led to a considerable interest in in...

allows a measurement which is independent of an absolute ux or exposure calculation. Soudan 2 is an iron calorimeter with di erent experimental systematics from the water Cherenkov detectors and with a di erent geometry and detection technique from from the Frejus experiment. A large veto shield placed against the cavern wall allows the identi cation of particles entering the detector from the ...

Fractures and faults riddle the Earth's crust on all scales, and the deformation associated with them is presumed to have had significant effects on its petrological and structural evolution. However, despite the abundance of directly observable earthquake activity, unequivocal evidence for seismic slip rates along ancient faults is rare and usually related to frictional melting and the formati...

This paper describes a method and a system for visualizing a virtual tunnel through an existing geologic formation and a method for the generation of a camera animation along the tunnel axis. The tunnel is built from geologic data coming from vertical sample drills from the mountain top along the selected tunnel axis. Its wire frame model is then edited by a geologist and image information of t...