This paper analyses conditions for an increase in an additive independent background risk to increase an agent’s risk aversion (incremental risk vulnerability). We, first, present a necessary and sufficient condition on an agent’s utility function for a simple mean preserving spread in background risk to increase the agent’s risk aversion. Gollier and Pratt (1996) have shown that declining and ...

The long-term aim of the IIASA Program on Risk and Vulnerability (RAV) is to conduct conceptual and applied analyses that contribute to decreasing the risk and vulnerability of societies and ecosystems, and promoting their adaptation and resilience, to stresses imposed or aggravated by global change phenomena. The research will be relevant mainly, but not exclusively, to developing countries. B...

Background: According to recent researches, decision-making style and personality traits play an important role in the drug dependence vulnerability. The aim of current research was to investigate the moderator role of decision-making styles on relationship between personality and drug dependence vulnerability. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and twenty students of Tehran Payame Noor Univer...

the occurrence of natural and human disasters can create heavy casualties in cities and urban areas and such a critical issue makes it inevitable to pay a great deal of attention to the vulnerability and safety aspects of cities and the accessibility to the urban welfare standards from the perspective of passive defense. the geostrategic location of koohdasht city in iran and its vulnerability ...

Abstract—Presented article outlines a rationale, why it is necessary to develop competence about infrastructure risk in water transport. Climate changes are evident and require special attention and global monitoring. Current risk assessment methods for Inland waterway transport just consider some dramatic events. We present a new method for the assessment of risk and vulnerability of inland wa...

Computer security vulnerabilities badly compromise the system security. To profoundly understand the causes of known vulnerabilities and prevent them, this paper develops a new taxonomic character, and then integrates a privilege-escalating based vulnerability taxonomy with multidimensional quantitative attribute. This taxonomy greatly contributes to further researches of security risk assessme...

The recent introduction of networked medical devices has posed many benefits for both the healthcare industry and improved patient care. However, because of the complexity of these devices, in particular the advanced communication ability of these devices, security is becoming an increasing concern. This paper presents work to develop a framework to assure the security of medical devices being ...

Recent literature shows that income diversification is an important strategy for rural households to manage drought risk in arid and semiarid regions. This article examines whether income diversification can help rural households to overcome the adverse impact of drought in Northern China. Based on field interview data from 291 rural households in 13 townships of Northern China, we found that r...