The prevalence of supplements use has increased progressively in athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate Prevalence of supplements use and knowledge regard to doping and its side effects in Iranian athlete university students participated in sports Olympiad competitions at summer 2012.The statistical sample included 253 male athlete university students from different e...

The purpose of the research is to examine relationship between athletes’ psychological resilience, emotional reactivity, maladjustment and trait anger levels mediating role resilience in this relationship. data were obtained from a total 972 athletes, 298 women 674 men, different sports branches (boxing, wrestling, taekwondo, athletics, soccer, volleyball, handball, basketball). In collection p...

Comparative reports on the anthropometric characteristics of athletes are certainly important in modern sports and have long been studied by sports scientists. Studies on Turkish athletes however, are limited. In the present study physical characteristics of athletes active in various sports (American football, basketball, volleyball and football) were observed and compared to each other and to...

Physical exercise and adequate energy intake are the most important needs for optimum health, they also strongly connected to amount of used when participating in any kind physical activity. Total expenditure (TEE) may be calculated by combining resting (REE) with activity level (PAL). Validated PAL guidelines generally accessible general public, however less is known about competitive athletes...

The study aimed to establish the frequency of injuries in primary and secondary schools during leisure time and physical education classes in school as well as in group and individual sports. The sample included 2842 pupils from nine primary schools and 1235 students from five secondary schools in Slovenia. The data were processed with the SPSS statistical software package and the frequencies a...

A total sample of 304 athletes was selected from first class clubs related to four common sports (football, handball, volleyball and basketball) and compared with 53 non-athlete adults. Weight, height, mid-arm circumference and skinfold thickness were measured to assess their body composition. The findings revealed that there were differences in body composition among athletes according to the ...

Successful sporting performance at elite levels of competition often depends heavily on the explosive leg power of the athletes involved. In many individual sports such as Track and Field events, Gymnastics and Diving the ability to use high levels of strength as quickly and as explosively as possible is essential to perform at elite levels. Many team sports also require high levels of explosiv...