The latest experimental data on the role of viruses in the origin of human tumors are discussed. This group of viruses consists of T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV 1), herpes viruses (HHV 8 and Epstein-Barr virus), hepatitis B virus, and human papilloma viruses. The most typical feature of this group of viruses is a very long latent period from the initial infection to the development of the ...

Childhood immunisation has been credited with being responsible for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality over the past 40-50 years. It was the first item on the list of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for the ‘Ten great public health achievements’ of the 20th century. The viral diseases smallpox and poliomyelitis were eradicated in the United States of America as a result of vaccina...

Nowadays viral hepatitis is one of the most common and important causes of chronic liver disorders in the world. Extrahepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis consist a main part of the disease. The main viruses causing hepatitis include Hepatitis A, B and C viruses. Herein common skin manifestations in hepatitis C virus (HCV) are discussed. Chronic hepatitis causes skin disorders both directl...

Viruses are among the most common causes of opportunistic infection after transplantation and the most important. The risk for viral infection is a function of the specific virus encountered, the intensity of immune suppression used to prevent graft rejection, and other host factors governing susceptibility. Viral infection, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, causes the “direct effects” of inva...

aim : the aim of this study was to identify and compare the pattern of acute viral hepatitis in two regions of iran. background : the epidemiological pattern of acute hepatitis varies across the globe depending on geographic region, health status, socioeconomic conditions and differences in exposure to etiological factors. patients and methods : a cross-sectional study was carried out among 357...

conclusion hepatitis b vaccination of all nonimmune healthcare workers and measuring hbsab after vaccination can reduce the risk of nosocomial transmission of hbv to medical staff. furthermore, the risk of blood-borne disease transmission can be reduced by educating medical personnel on effective methods of reducing the risk of nssis as well as taking appropriate measures when nssis occur. resu...

Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes a communicable disease that spreads worldwide and has brought about considerable economic losses due to human mortality and morbidity. HBV fails to reproduce in both cell cultures and laboratory animals; however, it is known that excess virion surface protein named hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is produced during viral replication and circulates in the...