Although surgery is not a primary treatment for manaing rhinitis, it can have some adjuvant benefit in patients with significant nasal congestion or poor pharmacologic response. It is usually performed by surgical approaches to the inferior turbinate, and the more aggressive procedures such as the vidian neurectomy have not been widely applied. Traditional approaches to the vidian canal necessi...

A 68-year-old man presented with occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) manifesting as a 6-month history of progressive sensory and motor disturbance of the left lower limb. Angiography clearly demonstrated a collateral arterial network between the ICA and external carotid artery (ECA) through the vidian artery, a small branch of both the ICA and ECA. The vidian artery may form an unusu...

The pterygopalatine ganglion derives from preotic myelencephalic crest cells and may receive contributions from the ganglia of the trigeminal and facial nerves [1]. There is no available information on the pterygopalatine ganglion morphology and structure in human fetuses. In adults the pterygopalatine ganglion is morphologically attached to the maxillary nerve, in the pterygopalatine fossa. Ly...

AIM The sphenoid sinus is deeply situated in the skull and is the least accessible paranasal sinus. The sphenoid sinus is surrounded by vital structures such as the optic nerve and internal carotid artery, and therefore additional radiological assessment of the sphenoid sinus and the related neurovascular structures is inevitable before surgery. The aim of this study was to note the anatomic va...

We report a case of sinonasal sarcoidosis with perineural spread along the trigeminal and vidian nerves in which primarily MR imaging but also CT allowed excellent visualization of this infiltration.

Vidian neurectomy has been used to manage intractable vasomotor rhinitis for decades. After the introduction of endoscopic sinus surgery in the 1980s, transnasal endoscopic vidian neurectomy (EVN) was subsequently reported. The most common problem in performing EVN was excessive bleeding from the pterygopalatine fossa. The complexity and vascularity of the pterygopalatine fossa can cause bloody...