This paper argues that glossing is an essential stage in the borrowing of writing systems. I use the term “glossing” in a somewhat extended sense to refer to a process where a text in one language is prepared (annotated, marked) to be read in another. I argue that this process of “vernacular reading” – reading a text written in the script, orthography, lexicon and grammar of a more prestigious ...

This focus of this paper is to present an overview of the current research which examines the language and literacy performance of African American children who speak African American Vernacular English (AAVE), as presented from a deficit versus difference perspective. Language and literacy and assessment and remediation of AAVE speakers are discussed in sections one and two. Section three of t...

Kuwait, as most Gulf countries, is suffering from an increasing loss of identity for both the city and its inhabitants. This requires some soul-searching into the deep structure stratum to arrive at mythic images more relevant to the Kuwaiti cultural context. One way of achieving this is through the adoption of the study and analysis of local vernacular built environments as one of the basic me...

Newspapers has shown steep decline of circulation and advertising revenue in the west. Online advertising is taking away the majority of advertising revenue from print Increasing printing costs also a major concern for the decline of profits of newspapers. Asian countries like Japan, China and India is not seeing any immediate threat for daily newspapers as these countries are dominated by vern...

effects of neglecting climatic patterns in buildings are more intense in severe climates such as tropical. it isresulting an excessive consumption of fossil fuels and consequently environmental pollutions in and after modern era. the objective of this research is to find climate-oriented intentions and solutions in tropical areas and compare them with dezful and bandar-e-lenge vernacular houses...