BACKGROUND Anatomic studies of boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have detected decreased volumes in total and frontal brain, basal ganglia, and cerebellar vermis. We tested these findings in a sample of girls with ADHD. METHODS Anatomic brain magnetic resonance images from 50 girls with ADHD, of severity comparable with that in previously studied boys, and 50 healthy f...

Incidence of status epilepticus (SE) is higher in children than in adults and SE can be induced in developing rats. The cerebellum can be affected after SE; however, consequences of cerebellar amino acid transmission have been poorly studied. The goal of this study was to determine amino acid tissue concentration and GABA(A) receptor binding in the immature rat cerebellum after an episode of SE...

Correlation of thin (5-mm) sagittal high-field (1.5-T) MR images of three brain specimens and 11 normal volunteers with microtome sections of the human cerebellar vermis and hemispheres demonstrates that proton-density-weighted (long TR/short TE) and T2-weighted (long TR/long TE) spin-echo pulse sequences provide the greatest contrast between gray and white matter. These images also can display...

Rhombencephalosynapsis is a midline brain malformation characterized by missing cerebellar vermis with apparent fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres. Rhombencephalosynapsis can be seen in isolation or together with other central nervous system and extra-central nervous system malformations. Gómez-López-Hernández syndrome combines rhombencephalosynapsis with parietal/temporal alopecia and someti...

Recent neurophysiological experiments in the monkey have demonstrated that the flocculus and the posterior vermis, lobules VIc-VII (oculomotor vermis), are involved in the generation of pursuit eye movements. Whereas the functions of the flocculus in the control of smooth pursuit have been intensively investigated, sufficient data are not available for a profitable discussion of the functions o...

We describe an infant in whom partial rhombencephalosynapsis was diagnosed by using MR imaging. The anterior vermis and nodulus were normally developed, but part of the posterior vermis was deficient. There was partial fusion of the hemispheres in the inferior part of the cerebellum. Partial rhombencephalosynapsis is described for the first time, and our findings support the recent embryologic ...

Rhombencephalosynapsis: new findings in a larger study Rhombencephalosynapsis is a developmental midline defect affecting the cerebellar vermis. The absence of the vermis in rhomben-cephalosynapsis may be compared to the other condition in which the vermis is largely absent. In Joubert syndrome, the cerebellar hemispheres are close to normal in volume; the intervening vermis is small and much s...

Case presentation: AMD, 12 year-old male presented with developmental delay starting at 4 months-old, motor difficulties, hypotonia, significant weight gain and 2 episodes of febrile convulsion. Unplanned pregnancy a non-consanguineous marriage. Delivery 7 months pregnancy, APGAR 9/10, no further complications presented. Physical examination showed more pronounced hypotonia on upper limbs in co...