Feed security, feed quality and issues surrounding the safety of raw materials are always of interest to all livestock farmers, feed manufacturers and competent authorities. These concerns are even more important when alternative feed ingredients, new product developments and innovative feeding trends, like insect-meals, are considered. The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is considered a ...

The combustion of straight vegetable oil (SVO) in internal combustion engines has shown conflicting results in emissions, power, and engine longevity. Many early studies suggested that SVO should not be considered for long term use in diesel engines. However, waste vegetable oil has been fueling adapted vehicles in progressive communities for years. The issues involved in the combustion of SVO ...

The substrates of composting with primary components of plant material such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are rather difficult to biodegrade and reduce the availability of the other polymers by means of a physical restriction (Ladisch et al., 1983). Studies have showed that it is of great importance that increase of the microbial populations especially the lignocellulose-degrading micr...

The effects of a yard waste compost amendment and crop establishment on nematode populations and yields of suscep­ tible vegetable crops were determined in two tests in Florida in sites infested with the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Main plot treatments consisted of 269 mt/ha of a yard waste com­ post applied as a mulch, 269 mt/ha of the compost incorporated into the soil, and an ...

Biodiesel industry requires a cheaper and economical viable raw material that can replace the vegetable oil. Waste from animal and plant sources became the main option due the availability and cheap. In this study, coconut waste is used to produce biodiesel using methanol, acid sulfuric and KOH. In situ process is used, where all the catalyst, reagent and raw material is mixed together in one s...

The exhaustion of natural resources has increased petroleum prices and the environmental impact of oil has stimulated the search for an alternative source of energy such as biodiesel. Waste cooking oil is a potential replacement for vegetable oils in the production of biodiesel. Biodiesel is synthesized by direct transesterification of vegetable oils, which is controlled by several inputs or pr...

The fermentation characteristics of six specific types of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) were examined, with an emphasis on properties that are needed when designing plug-flow type anaerobic bioreactors. More specifically, the decomposition patterns of a vegetable (cabbage), fruits (banana and citrus peels), fresh leaf litter of bamboo and teak leaves, and paper (newsprin...

BACKGROUND There are currently no national standards for school lunch period length and little is known about the association between the amount of time students have to eat and school food selection and consumption. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to examine plate-waste measurements from students in the control arm of the Modifying Eating and Lifestyles at School study (2011 to 2012 school year) to de...

the purpose of this research was to evaluate the recovery potential of solid waste in mashhad. the solid waste generated in the regions 4, 5 and 6 has been quantified and characterized using direct weighing, physical testing and truckload sampling methods. to determine the quantity and quality of waste generated and its seasonal variations, chemical and physical analysis were carried out for on...

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) or biodiesel is a biofuel conventionally produced from edible oil and methanol, using an alkaline catalyst, through a transesterification reaction. As FAME is mostly produced from edible vegetable oils, crop soils are used for its production, increasing deforestation and producing a fuel more expensive than diesel. In addition, between 70 and 80% of the total FAME...