Cerebrovascular disease is the second leading cause of cognitive impairment in the elderly, either alone or in combination with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vascular dementia (VaD) is heterogeneous in terms of both clinical phenotype and pathogenetic mechanisms. It may result from multiple cortical infarctions due to cerebral large vessel pathologies or to subcortical ischemic changes such as leuk...

The global burden of ischaemic strokes is almost 4-fold greater than haemorrhagic strokes. Current evidence suggests that 25-30% of ischaemic stroke survivors develop immediate or delayed vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) or vascular dementia (VaD). Dementia after stroke injury may encompass all types of cognitive disorders. States of cognitive dysfunction before the index stroke are describe...

Subcortical vascular dementia (SVD) is a subtype of vascular dementia which constitutes approximately half of vascular dementia in Japan. It is featured by hypertensive small vessel disease such as white matter lesions and lacunar infarctions. The clinical and pathological features of SVD are relatively uniform. White matter lesions may remain asymptomatic but may develop subcortical dementia a...

The clinical and postmortem findings of 29 patients with Alzheimer's disease were evaluated and compared to the findings of 19 patients with vascular dementia. The patients with Alzheimer's disease had received treatment for an average of 2.0 internal medical disorders, the patients with vascular dementia for 2.1 disorders. The average number of medical diseases found at postmortem was 3.7 in t...

BACKGROUND There are inconsistencies in published reports regarding the profile of cognitive impairments in vascular dementia, and its differentiation from Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES To identify the overall profile of cognitive impairment in subcortical vascular dementia as compared with Alzheimer's disease; and the tests which best discriminate between these groups. METHODS 57 subject...

Dementia, a syndrome of declining higher cognitive functioning, found in approximately 10 per cent of adults 65 years and older, and 50 per cent of adults older than 90 years. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for 50 to 80 per cent of all dementing illnesses. Vascular dementia comprises 15 to 20 per cent of dementia and in some clinico-pathological series is the second commonest form of dementi...

Cholesterol is a risk factor for developing vascular pathologies, which is in turn an important risk factor for dementia. Previous studies linking lipids and dementia have yielded inconsistent results, which may be attributable to sex differences in the etiology of both vascular disease and dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between lipids and incident dementia in ...

OBJECTIVE A review of current criteria for the diagnosis of categories related with vascular cognitive impairment, in particular the nomenclature, diagnostic criteria, and differential clinical-radiological findings. DEVELOPMENT The criteria for the diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment have evolved, but available criteria were designed basically for differentiating between vascular deme...

A lot of studies have focused on cerebrovascular disease as an independent cause of dementia. In a study with consecutive stroke patients aged sixty and older, 26.3% of patients were demented three months after the stroke (Desmond et al., 2000). Within the demented patients, 57.1% had dementia directly related with stroke and 38.7% had dementia due to the combined effects of stroke and Alzheime...

OBJECTIVE To compare the occurrence of spontaneous cerebral emboli and venous to arterial circulation shunts in patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia and controls without dementia. DESIGN Cross sectional case-control study. SETTING Secondary care old age psychiatry services, Manchester. PARTICIPANTS 170 patients with dementia (85 with Alzheimer's disease, 85 with vascular...