any planning for the future requires estimates of future conditions. it is possible to study changes over time series. in this study, changes of production and cultivated area of 17 field crops of khorasan razavi province in a 25-year period were determined with mann - kendall test, sen’s estimator slope and linear regression. analysis of the three tests showed that performance of 76.5% from yi...

This paper reconciles two widely used decompositions of GDP into trend and cycle that yield starkly different results. The BeveridgeNelson (BN) decomposition implies that a stochastic trend accounts for most of the variation in output, whereas the unobserved-components (UC) implies cyclical variation is dominant. Which is correct has broad implications for the relative importance of real versus...

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate vegetation dynamics and range conditions considering the climatic conditions and soil properties in Haftooman, Khoor and Biabanak deserts, Iran. For this purpose, after determining vegetation types and the associated species, the type of rangeland utilization, grazing season, the livestock type, the other relevant information, vegetation da...

in this research with using of obtained information from a natural fraxinus the variation of quantities and qualitative measures of current stand in an 8 year period was conducted in chelir part of kheyroud forest. data collection was conducted by full callipering method in two periods of 1384 and 1392. during the period of study the parameters of dominant mean height and relative crown height ...

constant rate of strain (crs) consolidation is a rapid test method used for determination of compressibility of clayey soils. in a crs test, the appropriate strain rate is selected based on pore water pressure ratio, i.e. the ratio of pore pressure to total stress. in the present study, to investigate the effect of strain rate on variation of relative pore water pressure, four different clay sa...

abstract a great proportion of non-oil export in iran is related to tile and ceramic industry. so because of its main role in job creation, this industry is one of important industries in iran. in the recent years inefficiency in this industry caused an increase in expenses and a decrease in products quality and caused supply surplus crisis and a reduction in sales. therefore in this paper, the...