Transmission and distribution pipelines have a significant role in the oil and gas industries. Pipelines are facing different threat like corrosion, improper design and incorrect operation. Gas vapor released from a pipeline (owned by NIOC) failure spread out and reached to ignition source. Due to gas outdoor spreading, “flash fire” occurred and flame return caused “vapor cloud explosion” of ga...

Numerical and experimental results show that during the collapse phase of a vapor bubble near a rigid boundary, in the absence of strong buoyancy forces, a liquid micro jet is developed on the side of the bubble far from the rigid surface and directed towards it. Numerical and experimental results also show that, in the case of a bubble near a free surface, during the collapse phase of the bubb...

The aspects of the proposed vapor clearing and condensation experiment involve rapidly generating an IFE prototypical post-shot vapor density in a control volume using characteristic liquid chamber material (FliBe, Li2BeF4), and investigating the condensation rates for the proposed schemes. This experimental goal is achieved by: 1) a pulsed electrothermal plasma source that simulates the pellet...

Energetic, highly-charged oxygen ions, Oq+ (q ≤ 6), are copiously produced upon laser field-induced disassembly of highly-charged water clusters, (H2O)n and (D2O)n, n ∼ 60, that are formed by seeding high-pressure helium or argon with water vapor. Arn clusters (n∼40000) formed under similar experimental conditions are found undergo disassembly in the Coulomb explosion regime, with the energies ...