This paper tries to investigate valency theory as a linguistic tool in machine translation.There are three main areas in which major questions arise: (i) Valency theory itself. I sketch a valency theory in linguistic terms which includes the discussion of the nature of dependency representation as an interface for semantic description. (2) The dependency representation in the translation proces...

The competitive pressure from non-vaccine serotypes may have helped pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) to limit vaccine-type (VT) serotype prevalence. We aimed to investigate if, consequently, the indirect protection of vaccines targeting most pneumococcal serotypes could fall short of the profound effects of current formulations. We compared three previously described pneumococcal models h...

1. The framework The Functional Generative Description (FGD, see Sgall, 1967, Sgall et al., 1986) was applied as a general framework for the development of the valency theory (see Panevová, 1974-75, 1980, 1994) as well as for the design of the Czech syntactically annotated corpus (PDT, see Hajič, 1998, Hajičová et al., 2001). Valency is understood as a lexico-syntactic attribute of a word – mor...

In this paper, we deal with Czech reflexive verbs from the lexicographic point of view. We show that the Czech reflexive morphemes se and si constitute different linguistic meanings: either they are formal means of the word formation process of the so called reflexivization, or they are associated with the syntactic phenomena of reflexivity, reciprocity, and diatheses. All of these processes ar...

Verb modality presents a major processing obstacle in any NLP application, and can be overcome either by exhaustively listing all possible modal variants of any given verb, or by deriving any modality-based valency alterations in situ. Given the combinatorial complexity of any exhaustive listing attempt, we adopt this second methodology in proposing a modular set of valency frame transformation...

BACKGROUND Multivalent ligands have been used previously to investigate the role of ligand valency and receptor clustering in eliciting biological responses. Studies of multivalent ligand function, however, typically have employed divalent ligands or ligands of undefined valency. How cells respond to multivalent ligands of distinct valencies, which can cluster a signaling receptor to different ...

The time course of methemoglobin reduction by ascorbic acid under anaerobic conditions was analyzed by using isoelectric focusing on Ampholine plate gel in order to compare results obtained by studies of the changes in absorption during the reaction. The intermediate hemoglobin which appeared all through the reaction was single and identified as the alpha3+beta2+ valency hybrid. In the presence...

This paper introduces a new bilingual Czech-English verbal valency lexicon (called CzEngVallex) representing a relatively large empirical database. It includes 20,835 aligned valency frame pairs (i.e., verb senses which are translations of each other) and their aligned arguments. This new lexicon uses data from the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank and also takes advantage of the existin...

In the paper, we present the current state of the development of the Czech valency dictionary called VerbaLex. It contains a list of the most frequented Czech verbs and their valency frames in the form of the complex valency frames. VerbaLex includes information about verb case and adverbial links (morphosyntactic properties) and senses captured by an inventory of two-layer semantic roles that ...