INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE This Medical Policy provides assistance in interpreting UnitedHealthcare benefit plans. When deciding coverage, the enrollee specific document must be referenced. The terms of an enrollee's document (e.g., Certificate of Coverage (COC) or Summary Plan Description (SPD)) may differ greatly. In the event of a conflict, the enrollee's specific benefit document supersedes this ...

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BACKGROUND The vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an approach mainly used in cases of intractable epilepsy despite all the efforts. Also, its benefits have been shown in severe cases of depression resistant to typical treatment. AIM The aim of this study was to present current knowledge of vagus nerve stimulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A new value has emerged just at this stage: VNS aiming the...

Article abstract—Nonpharmacologic options for the treatment of epilepsy include epilepsy surgery, vagus nerve stimulation, and the ketogenic diet. The advantages and limitations of these treatment modalities have been extensively reviewed, but there is no general consensus on when each option should be considered. The authors propose an algorithm based on the type of epilepsy. Generally, nonpha...

Hosoi, Toru, Yasunobu Okuma, and Yasuyuki Nomura. Electrical stimulation of afferent vagus nerve induces IL-1b expression in the brain and activates HPA axis. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 279: R141–R147, 2000.—Possible roles of the afferent vagus nerve in regulation of interleukin (IL)-1b expression in the brain and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were examined in ...

Left vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising new treatment for epilepsy. In 1997, VNS was approved in the United States as an adjunctive treatment for medically refractory partial-onset seizures in adults and adolescents. For some patients with partial-onset seizures, the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are intolerable; for others, no single AED or combination of anticonvulsa...

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) was first delivered to patients over 25 years ago with the first patient being implanted in 1988. European Community approval was granted in 1994 and USA (FDA) commercial approval in 19971. VNS currently has a licence in Europe and the UK for the adjunctive treatment of epilepsy refractory to antiepileptic medication. The UK NICE Guidelines for Epilepsy (2012) sugg...

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE This Medical Policy provides assistance in interpreting UnitedHealthcare benefit plans. When deciding coverage, the enrollee specific document must be referenced. The terms of an enrollee's document (e.g., Certificate of Coverage (COC) or Summary Plan Description (SPD) and Medicaid State Contracts) may differ greatly from the standard benefit plans upon which this Medical P...

The services described in Oxford policies are subject to the terms, conditions and limitations of the Member's contract or certificate. Unless otherwise stated, Oxford policies do not apply to Medicare Advantage enrollees. Oxford reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to modify policies as necessary without prior written notice unless otherwise required by Oxford's administrative procedure...