p63 is the identity switch for uterine/vaginal epithelial cell fate, and disruption of p63 expression by diethylstilbestrol (DES) induces cervical/vaginal adenosis in mice. In this article, we report the expression patterns of p63 isoforms (TA, DeltaN, alpha, beta and gamma) in mice, focusing on the reproductive tract. We also present the reproductive tract phenotype of female p63-/- mice. Fina...

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, a congenital anomaly of the female genital tract, is characterized by vaginal agenesis, a rudimentary to absent uterus compromising the normal functions of the genital tract, thereby causing psychological trauma. This syndrome is estimated to occur in approximately 1 in every 4500 females [1]. Patients with vaginal agenesis in MRKH syndrome can be...

Postpartum genital tract adhesions are unusual, and their cause has not been evaluated. However, severe dystocia and numerous pelvic examinations have been suggested as possible causes. Here, we report a case of vaginal adhesions following a difficult labor that presented as dyspareunia for 5 months. Pelvic examination and ultrasonography revealed a transverse vaginal septum that obstructed the...

The protective efficacy of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis MoPn was evaluated in a murine genital tract infection model. MAbs were delivered into serum and vaginal secretions of naive mice by using the backpack hybridoma tumor system, and protective efficacy was assessed over the first 8 days foll...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of a) urethral and/or vagi-nal infections caused by common germs or Mycoplas-mas, Chlamydia, Candida; b) age of patients; c) pelvic floor disorders in the development of irritative urinary symptoms in women. METHODS: 77 consecutive abacteriuric symptomatic female patients were compared with 55 asymptomatic women. A detailed mictur...

Congenital malformations of the female genital tract are defined as deviations from normal anatomy resulting poor embryonic development Mulllerian or para-mesonephricducts. The importance these varies greatly depending on stage embryological condition, which can range a simple vaginal septum to total absence utero-vaginal axis. They relatively common and affect around 3-4% women represent 10% c...

Lactobacillus colonization of the lower female genital tract provides protection from the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus, and from adverse pregnancy outcomes. While glycogen in vaginal epithelium is thought to support Lactobacillus colonization in vivo, many Lactobacillus isolates cannot utilize glycogen in vitro. This study investigated how...

Background: Disorders of the Bartholin’s duct and gland, including cyst abscess formation, account for 2% gynecologic visits annually. An uncommon complication a or gland is fistula formation. Literature has described cases recto-Bartholin’s recto-vaginal fistulas. Case: We present case development between perineum gland. The patient was successfully managed with fistulectomy excision. Conclusi...

Rheologically structured vehicle (RSV) gels were developed as delivery systems for vaginal mucosal vaccination with an HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (CN54gp140). RSVs comprised a mucoadhesive matrix-forming and vaginal fluid absorbing polymer. The mucoadhesive and rheological properties of the RSVs were evaluated in vitro, and the distribution, antigenicity and release of CN54gp140 were analysed ...

OBJECTIVE To support the practitioner in the diagnosis of vaginal atrophy and in the management of the related symptoms. OPTIONS The modalities of evaluation range from basic pelvic examination, examination of the vulva, and laboratory tests. OUTCOMES A comprehensive approach to the detection of vaginal atrophy and a discussion of available therapeutic and nontherapeutic options. EVIDENCE...