Several approaches to the detection of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) in the ground are discussed. Methods exploiting the coupling of sound into the earth are shown to have promise. These approaches can use both linear and non-linear phenomena as clues. Also discussed is the potential of a ground penetrating radar method that is based on a nonlinear phenomenon.

Although commercially available geophysical sensors are capable of detecting UXO at nominalburial depths, they cannot reliably discriminate between UXO and clutter. As a result, anestimated 75% of remediation funds are spent on nonproductive excavations. During the pastfew years, we have been studying the merits of using multifrequency EMI data fordiscriminating between UXO ...

The efficient characterization of sites contaminated with unexploded ordnance (UXO) is necessary prior to returning these sites to the public domain. Characterization plans must be based on an accurate prediction of the UXO distribution. A doubly stochastic Poisson process is proposed as the underlying model controlling the spatial distribution of UXO. This model allows the single parameter (in...

SUMMARY We investigate if it is theoretically possible to discriminate between unexploded ordnance (UXO) and non-UXO sources by modelling the magnetic dipole moment for ferrous objects of different shapes sizes. This carried out approximating volumetric demagnetization factors rectangular prisms, representing similar a long rod or flat steel plate. By UXO as prolate spheroids can be determined ...

Currently there are no UXO discrimination techniques based on total-field magnetic sensor data that rely on multipole expansion parameters of higher order than the dipole. In some cases, however, it can be advantages to describe a UXO target with both dipole and quadrupole parameters. In this paper, we examine the properties of the quadrupole moment and illustrate them using a synthetic example...

Using Uncrewed Aerial vehicles (UAVs) to rapidly scan areas for potential unexploded ordnance (UXO) can provide an efficiency increase while minimizing detonation risks. We present a complete overview of how such mappings be performed using scalar magnetometers, including initial sensor testing, time stamping validation, data positioning, noise removal, and source model inversion. A test survey...

The presence of magnetic iron oxides in the soil can seriously hamper the performance of electromagnetic sensors for the detection of buried land mines and unexploded ordnance (UXO). Previous work has shown that spatial variability in soil water content and texture affects the performance of ground penetrating radar and thermal sensors for land mine detection. In this paper we aim to study the ...

During the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1973, over 2 million tons of bombs were dropped on Laos. Approximately 30% of the bombs did not explode and have posed a continued threat to civilians throughout the country. Approximately 200 casualties per year have been reported nationwide. Therefore, we conducted a household survey to better understand magnitude of UXO victims, accessibility to the MCH se...

A new broadband electromagnetic induction (EMI) array sensor, GEM-5, for detecting and characterizing Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) has been developed in order to provide high production rates for EMI surveys. The sensor consists of a single rectangular loop transmitter around a linear array of seven pairs of coaxial receiver coils, with each coil in a pair located at the same vertical distance abo...