Highlights Tree canopy architecture traits are associated with its productivity and management. Understanding these is important for both precision agriculture phenomics applications. Remote sensing platforms (satellite, UAV, etc.) multiple approaches (SfM, LiDAR) have been used to assess traits. 3D reconstruction of tree canopies allows the measurement height, crown area, volume. Abstract . li...

background and objectives: food security has been most important concern of the mankind on the earth. on the other hand, agricultural productions have always been face by risk probability in the case of weather and changes in international markets, however this risk probability never undeleted completely, but could be minimized that by pre-harvesting yield estimation. in this study, different m...

abstract evapotranspiration (et) is one of the most important components of the water balance, it is also one of the most difficult to measure. despite the importance of et, methods to obtain values of et are still limited. conventional methods are very local, ranging from point to field scale. estimates of the et over the entire area, especially for irrigated areas, are essential, as these can...

identifying the change trends in forms of land surface is one of the main topics in geomorphic system. in this view, we try to assess the stability level of geo systems, boundary changes, instability and prediction of surface forms and processes response. this paper tries to conduct a comparative analysis on the geomorphic equilibrium paradigms, critical thresholds, environmental and natural ha...