5 Calibration and validation of the Land Use Scanner allocation algorithms The Land Use Scanner is a spatial model that simulates future land use. Since its development in 1997, it has been applied in many policy-related land-use projects. In 2005, a completely revised version became available. In this version, land use can be modelled on a reduced scale, the smallest resolution now being 100 m...

In recent years, the language model Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), which clusters co-occurring words into topics, has been widely applied in the computer vision field. However, many of these applications have difficulty with modeling the spatial and temporal structure among visual words, since LDA assumes that a document is a “bag-of-words”. It is also critical to properly design “words” an...

Spatial allocation is the process of assigning different attributes (e.g., land-use or land-cover) to spatial entities (e.g., map polygons or grid cells). It is an exercise that often requires the analysis of multiple, sometimes conflicting, objectives. Multi-objective spatial allocation problems often exhibit substantial computational complexity, especially when spatial pattern characteristics...

Recently the concept of facility efficiency, which defined by data envelopment analysis (DEA), introduced as a location modeling objective, that provides facilities location’s effect on their performance in serving demands. By combining the DEA models with the location problem, two types of “efficiencies” are optimized: spatial efficiency which measured by finding the least cost location and al...

Multi-agent Systems (MAS) offer a conceptual approach to include multi-actor decision making into models of land use change. The main goal is to explore the use of MAS to simulate spatial scenarios based on modelling multi-actor decision-making within a spatial planning process. We demonstrate MAS that consists of agents representing organizations and interest groups involved in an urban alloca...

Equity based resource allocation under budget-constrained schemes always deal with priority targeting. This mechanism requires the use of equity measurement as important input for the decision-making process. Available equity measures such as the Gini Index more focus on equality measurement, which also disregards spatial features. It is therefore insufficient to determine priority setting for ...

The demand for high data rate in wireless communication has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission is one of the efficient ways to transmit high data rate is by employing multiple antenna configuration at both the transmitter and the receiver. One of the MIMO scheme, known as Spatial Multiplexing (SM), relies on the linear independen...

It is widely recognised that Spatial Data Infrastructures should support and facilitate the network of spatial data flows between organisations. This chapter focuses on the characteristics of the nodes in this network, which are the organisations that access, use and share spatial data to support their (business) processes. Case study research findings are presented which suggest that structura...