Seven Japanese female workers exposed to mercury vapour at a concentration of < 0.02 mg Hg/m3 (8 h/day, 44 h/week) were examined for inorganic (I-Hg) and organic (O-Hg) mercury concentrations in urine, blood, and hair after 0, 4, 8, 17, and 23 months of exposure. Both I-Hg and O-Hg concentrations in urine and hair did not increase significantly even after 23 months of exposure. The concentratio...

The elimination of mercury (Hg) in blood was investigated in 14 chloralkali workers exposed to metallic Hg vapour for 1-24 (median 10) years. Blood and urine samples were collected on several (median eight) occasions during a period of 17-26 days. The initial Hg concentrations were about 80 nmol/l in whole blood (B-Hg) and 17 nmol/mmol creatinine in urine (U-Hg). The decrease in Hg in whole blo...

Sodium and potassium intake was assessed on the basis of its respective excretion levels in 24 hr urine samples. However, owing to the inconvenience of collection, we evaluated random spot urine for alternative sodium and potassium excretion markers. We included 250 patients who submitted 24 hr- and spot urine for clinical tests. However, 22 patients who showed 24 hr urine creatinine excretion ...

background: the ratio of urine protein to urine osmolality has recently been suggested as an accurate method to determine proteinuria.   objective: we studied the correlation of urine protein to urine osmolality ratio with 24-hr urinary protein excretion.   methods: 150 children aged 0.11–17 years admitted to the department of pediatric nephrology were included in this study. early morning urin...

Introduction Urine examination by urine dipstick method is a useful tool to identify asymptomatic individual for kidney disease. A analysis was conducted on world day determine the abnormalities among female college students.&#x0D; MethodsA cross-sectional study carried out in government Kathmandu Nepal. Three hundred students participated this study. Fresh midstream samples were obtained and t...

BACKGROUND In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and microalbuminuria are predictive markers for increased renal and cardiovascular risk. This post hoc analysis of data from a global development program aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linagliptin in a population with joint prevalence of these two vascular risk factors. METHODS Data for patients with basel...

In humans Hg vapor is released from "silver" amalgam fillings that contain 50% Hg by weight. Previous studies show that when 12 such fillings are placed in sheep teeth, the kidneys will concentrate amalgam Hg at levels ranging from 5 to 10 micrograms Hg/g renal tissue 4-20 wk after placement. In the present study 12 occlusal fillings were placed in each of six adult female sheep under general a...

OBJECTIVE The aim was to study whether functional impairment of the pituitary, thyroid, testes, and adrenal glands of humans occupationally exposed to mercury (Hg) vapour can be shown as a result of accumulation of Hg in these glands. METHODS Basal concentrations of thyrotrophin (TSH), prolactin, free thyroxine (free T4), free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (free T3), antibodies against thyroperoxid...

We have investigated exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) and mercury vapor (Hg0) in pregnant women and their newborns in Stockholm. The women were followed for 15 months post delivery. MeHg, inorganic Hg (I-Hg), and total Hg (T-Hg) in maternal and cord blood were determined by automated alkaline solubilization/reduction and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. T-Hg in urine was determined ...