Treated urban wastewater is currently widely reused to compensate for dwindling water supplies, as it is considered to be a reliable alternative water source. In addition, the increasing demand for food due to the expanding world population, both in respect to food security and food safety, and therefore for irrigation water, renders wastewater reuse a practice of utmost importance. As a conseq...

While more attention has been paid in recent years to urban point source pollution control through the establishment of wastewater treatment plants in many developing countries, no considerable planning nor any serious measures have been taken to control urban non-point source pollution (urban stormwater runoff). The present study is a screening analysis to investigate the pollution loads in ur...

introduction: reuse of wastewater for agricultural irrigation is increasing due to an increased demand for water resources in different parts of the world. almost 70% of deviated water from rivers and pumped groundwater is used for agriculture. if wastewater is used for irrigation in agriculture, then the amount of discharged water from natural sources will be decreased and the flow of wastewat...

abstract recharge of aquifers by using wastewater, is one of the important and applicable ways for reusing this valuable water resource, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. as the necessity of local practices for finding the proper management strategies and optimum use of recharge systems (conforming to climate, soil, etc.), a preliminary study was carried out. three physical models were ...

Hospital effluents represent an important source for the release of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria into the environment. This study aims to determine concentrations of various antibiotics in wastewater before and after wastewater treatment in a rural hospital (60 km from the center of Hanoi) and in an urban hospital (in the center of Hanoi) in Vietnam, and it aims to explore the ...

In the 21st century the fresh water scarcity increased very rapidly due to the urbanization and industrialization process. In these conditions the urban wastewater plays an important role in the water usage criteria. In this aspect, in all the major cities, wastewater treatment plants have been constructed to treat the urban wastewater in view of decreasing the water scarcity. The presence of n...

Background: In this study, the effect of wastewater produced by pistachio processing in processing terminals on wastewater treatment plants with activated sludge process was investigated. Methods: The pilot of activated sludge was constructed at the laboratory scale similar to wastewater treatment plant in Kerman and it was investigated in different ratios of the wastewater of pistachio proces...

Introduction Hanoi is currently undergoing a process of intensive industrialization and modernization. The population in the smaller Hanoi urban zone has risen dramatically from 300,000 in 1954 to its current population of more than 1.7 million which is 60% of the total population in the area of greater Hanoi. It is predicted that this will rise to 2.5 million amongst 4.5 million of total popul...

This paper discusses the development of control algorithms for the urban wastewater system. This system is considered to comprise of sewer system, wastewater treatment plant and receiving watercourse. Since control actions are affecting the water quality in the river, river water quality based objectives, rather than conventional criteria such as overflow volumes or loads, are applied in this s...