Rule interchange has become one of the most important issues in the Semantic Web. As a recommendation of the W3C (WWW Consortium), RIF (Rule Interchange Format) is dedicated to rule interchange between different rule languages. To be a general rule interchange format, RIF should first support rule interchange with SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language), RuleML (Rule Markup Language), R2ML (REWERSE R...

Rail transit is developing rapidly in major cities of China and has become a key component of urban transport. Nevertheless, the security and reliability in operation are significant issues that cannot be neglected. In this paper, the network and station vulnerabilities of the urban rail transit system were analyzed based on complex network and graph theories. A vulnerability evaluation model w...

Modeling standards by the Object Management Group (OMG) enable the interchange of models between tools. In practice, the success of such interchange has been severely limited due to ambiguities and inconsistencies in the standards and lack of rigorous testing of tools’ interchange capabilities. This motivated a number of OMG members, including tool vendors and users, to form a Model Interchange...

language and culture are now deemed to be co-constitutive; hence english language teaching (elt) textbooks should incorporate cultural aspects and promote intercultural competence. however, careful decisions should be made as regards to the cultural content of materials and the ways in which culture is represented. this study was an attempt to deconstruct the patterns of cultural representation...

Interchanging metadata between software components of a data warehouse environment is the foundation for leveraging the various benefits of an integrated metadata management for data warehousing. Besides a common understanding of metadata syntax and semantics, both a standard interchange language and an interchange mechanism for metadata are needed. We therefore propose a software architecture ...

This paper considers the consequences of changing one feature of card payment schemes: the centralised setting of the default interchange fee, a fee banks pay each other for debit and credit card transactions. The level and setting of the interchange fee is currently under investigation in a number of jurisdictions. Policy makers and competition authorities have expressed concern over the appar...

Credit and debit cards have become a prominent form of payment throughout the world. The interchange fees associated with these payment instruments have, in some instances, seen considerable change in recent years. In some countries, interchange fees have experienced sharp movements following a period of relative stability. In other countries, they have remained relatively steady, but significa...