Upper airway endoscopy at rest has been the diagnostic method of choice for equine upper respiratory tract (URT) conditions. Development of high-speed treadmill endoscopy improved the sensitivity of URT endoscopy by allowing observation of the horse's nasopharynx and larynx during exercise. However, treadmill exercise may not always accurately represent the horse's normal exercise as track surf...

The laryngeal mask airway, the LMA® Gastro™ (Teleflex Medical, Athlone, Ireland), is a novel airway device which permits upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy to be performed via dedicated large calibre oesophageal lumen. It has been validated in adult studies, but our knowledge, there have no data published regarding its use paediatric population. Following brief education programme, LMA Gastr...

IMPORTANCE Sleep-associated upper-airway obstruction in children is a significant cause of morbidity. Development of a simple, standardized, quantitative technique to assess anatomic causes of sleep-related breathing disorder is important for surgical planning, clinical communication, and research. OBJECTIVE To design, implement, and evaluate a scoring system to quantify airway obstruction in...

Increased upper airway collapsibility has been suspected of being involved in the pathogenesis of sleep-related diseases. It is assumed that patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) show a stronger collapse of the upper airway compared with habitual snorers. It was the objective of this study to analyze the patterns of upper airway collapse in habitual snorers and patients w...

double pylorus (dp) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of two openings from the gastric antrum to the duodenal bulb, which may be congenital or acquired. herein, we describe a case of dp in a cirrhotic patient.

background acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ugib) is a common medical emergency and is known as one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity. this research was conducted to study the causes and risk factors for ugib, in a referral center. methods in this cross sectional study, carried out in a one year period, all patients with acute ugib living in khorramabad city and surrounding ar...

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common among adults worldwide and associated with an increased risk of both cardiac, metabolic, mental disease traffic accidents. However, evidence the different types upper airway surgery to relieve OSA symptoms sparse. Whether Drug induced sedation endoscopy (DISE) can improve outcome various surgical techniques in airways (UA) uncertain. The obj...