Effects of selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on anxiety in unstressed and stressed mice were investigated using elevated plus maze (EPM) test and light-dark test (LDT). 7-NI (20 and 40 mg/kg, ip) produced ...

284 LANGUAGE, SPEECH, AND HEARING SERVICES IN SCHOOLS • Vol. 32 • 284–294 • October 2001 © American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 0161–1461/01/3204–0284 ABSTRACT: This paper reviews results from a series of studies that examined the influence of metrical and segmental effects on English-speaking children’s multisyllabic word productions. Three different approaches (prosodic structure, tro...

Unstressed syllables are produced by a reduction of movement amplitudes and durations compared to stressed syllables. In order to investigate the effect of deaccentuation on tongue tip gestures in /tVt/ sequences with all vowels of German we recorded tongue tip movements of five speakers by means of EMMA. The movement paths of stressed items were manipulated to simulate kinematic parameters of ...

Vowel reduction and deletion are prominent correlates of stress in German and some preliminary investigations have suggested that this constitutes an area of difficulty for nonnative speakers. This paper explores the production of vowels in unstressed syllables by learners of German, focusing especially on the acoustic properties duration and formant structure. It is shown that the realization ...

SART (specific alternation of rhythm in temperature) stress is known to cause anxiety-like behavior in mice/rats in several anxiety-related behavioral tests. In the present study, we investigated possible roles for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and glucocorticoids in SART stress-induced anxiety-like behavior in two different anxiety-related behavioral tests. In the forced swimming test, ...

This paper reviews results from a series of studies that examined the influence of metrical and segmental effects on English-speaking children's multisyllabic word productions. Three different approaches (prosodic structure, trochaic template, and perceptual salience) that have been proposed in the literature to account for children's prosodic patterns are presented and evaluated. An analysis o...

Dialects of Swedish vary in the pronunciation of unstressed /e/ in different phonological environments. In this pilot study, Stockholm Swedish is compared with several Finland Swedish dialects. Stockholm and one Åland dialect lower and back /e/ before [n], while Helsinki and most Nyland dialects lower and back /e/ before [r]. The data provide evidence for the sociolinguistic relevance of unstre...

BACKGROUND The aim of present study was to evaluate antidepressant-like activity of ellagic acid in Swiss young male albino mice; and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms for this activity. METHODS Mice were immobilized for 150 min once only for induction of stress. Ellagic acid (8.75, 17.5, 35 mg/kg, po) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, ip) per se were administered to unstressed and stress...

Rubbery materials can undergo deformation induced microstructural changes leading to softening of response and permanent set. In this work, these materials are modeled by a constitutive equation that incorporates the following micromechanism : when the deformation becomes large enough, network junctions break during further increments of deformation and then heal. New networks are formed by thi...

To determine if treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline reduces bladder dysfunction caused by water avoidance stress in mice. Adult female mice were randomly allocated to (1) Unstressed, (2) Stressed or (3) Stress + Sertraline experimental groups. subjected for 1 h/day 10 days and received vehicle drinking water, starting 10-days prior first exposure. Age mat...