Parsing Expression Grammar (PEG) encodes a recursivedescent parser with limited backtracking. Its properties are useful in many applications. In its appearance, PEG is almost identical to a grammar in the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF), but may define a different language. Recent research formulated some conditions under which PEG is equivalent to its interpretation as EBNF. However, PEG has ...

Penalty (mean-drop) analysis is used by market researchers and product developers to gain an understanding of the product attributes that most affect liking, purchase interest or any other product-related measure. Product attributes used in penalty analysis are measured with “Just -about-right” (JAR) scales. These are categorical scales in which some points represent “too little” of a particula...

Infants begin to help other individuals in the second year of life. However, it is still unclear whether early helping behavior is based on an understanding of other individuals' needs and is thus motivated prosocially. In the present eye-tracking study, 9- to 18-month-old infants (N= 71) saw a character in need of help, unable to reach its goal because of an obstacle, and a second character th...

A recent study suggests that doctors often diminish effective time with patients by talking about themselves in a manner that does not improve the patient visit and is sometimes disruptive to it. Good care requires hearing what the patient has to say, as the doctor cannot set proper goals for a visit without knowing the patient's agenda. Listening to the patient is the key both to good patient ...

In this paper, we propose a unified framework for the syntactico-semantic learning of natural languages. This framework integrates recent results on grammatical inference with positive structural examples and an algebraic characterization of the Principle of Compositionality, introduced by linguists and logicians. The purpose is to give account of how children learn to understand their native l...