In some urban transportation companies driving periods are short when compared with the total duty time, leading to long non-driving periods that can be used as cover time. This paper presents the Crew Timetabling Problem, an extension of the Crew Scheduling Problem in which crew timetables are obtained by levelling the cover crew resources. An objective function for this problem is proposed in...

Experiencing a city is different from panning over a map. Maps are powerful abstractions that cannot cover all aspects in dense and complex urban spaces where a lot of buildup, overlap, tunneling, underground and overground transportation is situated. In exploring such urban spaces, we explore the full dimensionality the city has to offer. This is an issue of both an added elevation dimension a...

J.J. Reilly documented in 2001 that a significant number of complex infrastructure projects substantially exceeded their budgets. He presented his findings at the March 2001 American Underground Construction Conference. Fryvbjerg published his results in “Underestimating Costs in Public Works, Error or Lie?” in the summer 2002 American Planning Association Journal. Flyvbjerg reported on the cos...

Exposure to air pollution can be particularly high during commuting and may depend on the mode of transportation. We investigated the impact of commuting mode on pulmonary function in Shanghai, China.The Shanghai Putuo Study is a cross-sectional, population-based study. Our primary outcomes were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted, and the secondar...

Quantitative and qualitative monitoring and evaluation of risk management programs will play an important role in the development of Tehran metropolitan railway transport. Considering the tectonic studies, seismic zones, land degradation and faults in north and south of Tehran, the development of underground railway lines, the assessment of the vulnerability of subway stations and the escalatio...

Geological suitability evaluation of urban traffic underground space utilisation is an important basic work in planning, especially for soft soil areas. In this study, firstly, on the basis analyzing influencing factors transportation areas, and considering such as topography, geotechnical properties, hydrogeology, existing constructions, index system was constructed. The weights are comprehens...

With the continuous development of mining industry, world’s major mines have gradually entered intelligent stage. In underground mines, operation roads transportation equipment are very complicated, and monitoring control traffic become problems to be solved in mines. Therefore, on basis solving practical concept paper discusses possibility communication-based train (CBTC) system being applied ...

Spaces of transit and transportation are often thought as one-dimensional defined by their functionality rationality, but recent literary texts challenge such preconceptions representing those spaces multidimensional meaningful. In this article, we examine literature through the lens place making, seeking to understand in what ways representations involved renegotiations space. Addressing two g...