Prior to 1932, maps provided by London Transport clung closely to the geography above ground, irrespective of the fact that the system being represented was a different geography altogether. In 1931, Electrical Draughtsman, Harry Beck designed a completely new representation of the Underground, which ignored the geography aboveground and concentrated on ‘mapping’ the lines, stations and interch...

Coal is the dominant source of energy in China, but about 50% of the coal resource is left underground unmined. Because of this, the “long-tunnel, large section, two-stage” Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) technology has been put forward, and the UCG model platform has been built. Simulation tests are underway and some gasification parameters have been obtained. Five field trials have been c...

This paper describes the development and evaluation of an educational Augmented Reality application for mobile phones that supports landscape architecture students who learn how to read and analyse contour maps. The results show that Augmented Reality can enhance appeal and clearness of a paper contour map but if too much information is presented, it could also confuse the map information.

Some applications such as the autonomous navigation in natural terrain and the automation of map making process require highlevel scene descriptions as well as geometrical representation of the natural terrain environments. In this paper, we present methods for building high level terrain descriptions, referred to as topographic maps, by extracting terrain features like “peaks,” “pits,” “ridges...

Numerical comparison of crystallographic contour maps is used extensively in structure solution and model refinement, analysis and validation. However, traditional metrics such as the map correlation coefficient (map CC, real-space CC or RSCC) sometimes contradict the results of visual assessment of the corresponding maps. This article explains such apparent contradictions and suggests new metr...

The approach based on the mathematical morphology and the variational calculus is presented for the detection of an exact face contour in still grayscale images. The facial features (eyes and lips) are detected by using the mathematical morphology and the heuristic rules. Using these features an image is filtered and an edge map is prepared. The face contour is detected by minimizing its intern...

A contour tree is a good graphical tool for representing the spatial relations of contour lines and has found many applications in map generalization, map annotation, terrain analysis, etc. A new approach for generating contour trees by introducing a Voronoi-based interior adjacency set concept is proposed in this paper. The immediate interior adjacency set is employed to identify all of the ch...

A modified active contour-based scheme is incorporated in this paper for unsupervised stereoscopic semantic segmentation. The scheme depends on the exploitation of depth information provided by stereo analysis methods. Assuming that a depth segments map is available, for each depth segment an active contour is unsupervisedly initialized on the depth contour. Then the active contour moves toward...