This paper considers how the terms ‘objection,’ ‘rebuttal,’ ‘attack,’ ‘refutation,’ ‘rebutting defeater’ and ‘undercutting defeater’ (often referred to as rebutters versus undercutters) are used in writings on argumentation and artificial intelligence. The central focus is on the term ‘rebuttal.’ A provisional classification system is proposed that provides a normative structure within which th...

Anisotropic wet etching is a most widely employed for the fabrication of MEMS/NEMS structures using silicon bulk micromachining. The use of Si{110} in MEMS is inevitable when a microstructure with vertical sidewall is to be fabricated using wet anisotropic etching. In most commonly employed etchants (i.e. TMAH and KOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) exhibits higher etch rate and provides improved a...

The instability of extraction structure under the undercut space in block caving stope presents specific characteristics: rib spalling and floor heave ore-loading roadway collapse major apexes. In order to study stress displacement evolution law reveal mechanism structure, numerical simulation model was established using finite difference software FLAC3D. According postundercutting strategy Ton...

Monotheistic religions such as Judaism and Christianity affirm that God loves all humans and created them in His image. However, we have learned from Darwin that we were not created separately from other life on earth. Some Christians opposed Darwinian evolution because it undercut certain design arguments for the existence of God. Today there is the growing idea that the fine-tuned constants o...

Cryogenic etching of silicon, using an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etcher ICP-RIE , has extraordinary properties which can lead to unique structures difficult to achieve using other etching methods. In this work, the authors demonstrate the application of ICP-RIE techniques which capitalize on the cryogenic properties to create different sensors geometries: optical, electrical, magn...

A series of physical modeling tests were conducted by means of a beam type geotechnical centrifuge machine in order to investigate the drainage impact on the slope failure mechanism under centrifugal acceleration. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of stress redistribution in undercut slopes and the formation of arching effect were studied. For this purpose, a poorly graded sandy soil (Silica sand No. 6...