A female patient presented with a painful swelling in the umbilicus. Ultrasonography demonstrated a hypodense nodule of 1.8 cm. Surgical exploration revealed a subcutaneous, dark discoloured, lobulated swelling at the bottom of the umbilicus, which turned out to be primary umbilical endometriosis (PUE). Primary umbilical endometriosis is a rare and benign disorder, caused by the presence of ect...

for umbilical signs in adults (i.e., umbilical hernia, metastatic tumour, endometriosis, congenital abnormalities and gallstones retained or spilled at the umbilicus), the differential diagnosis should include epidermoid cyst arising from the skin of the umbilicus. Indeed, to determine the most appropriate treatment for patients with umbilical signs or symptoms, physicians should be aware that ...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the normal position of the umbilicus and hence improve the cosmetic result of exomphalos major repair. METHODS The position of the umbilicus was determined in 50 neonates with respect to the xiphisternum and pubis. RESULTS The normal umbilical position is 60% of the way from the inferior border of the xiphisternum to the superior bor...

Pancreatic cancer is known to metastasize rapidly. Liver and peritoneum are the most common sites of metastases in pancreatic cancer, followed by lungs, bones and brain. Less common sites of metastases such as muscle, skin, heart, pleura, stomach, umbilicus, kidney, appendix, spermatic cord and prostate have also been reported in pancreatic cancer. Cutaneous metastasis mostly occurs around umbi...

INTRODUCTION Cutaneous or umbilical endometriosis is a rare entity that is often overlooked because of chronic abdominal pain. We present a case of umbilical hernia that presented to the general surgeons due to chronic abdominal pain and nodule in the umbilicus, which was clinically diagnosed as umbilical papilloma. CASE PRESENTATION A 48-year old multiparous Caucasian woman presented with pa...

Purpose: To investigate the interrater reliability of inter-rectus distance (IRD) measured from ultrasound images acquired at rest and during a head-lift task in parous women and to establish the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) between two raters. Methods: Two physiotherapists independently acquired ultrasound images of the anterior abdominal wall from 17...