Numerical methods for the calculation of the acoustic field inside sonoreactors have rapidly emerged in the last 15 years. This paper summarizes some of the most important works on this topic presented in the past, along with the diverse numerical works that have been published since then, reviewing the state of the art from a qualitative point of view. In this sense, we illustrate and discuss ...

The two most characteristic properties of an ultrasonic wave are the frequency and the power. It is therefore important to determine the power in a given reactor. This can be done by calorimetry, i.e. by measuring the temperature rise in the vessel during sonication starting at thermal equilibrium with the surroundings (classic calorimetry) [1-3]. However, the classic ultrasonic calorimetry has...

The purpose of the current study is to evaluate formaldehyde degradation ratio with various methods in a batch reactor. In this work, the ozonation, sonolysis (ultrasonic), and ozone sonolysis, sono catalytic ozonation (SCO), and nano zero-valent iron catalyst processes were investigated for removal of formaldehyde. In addition, the influence of important factors such as pH (5–9), ultrasonic po...

Within the spectrum of current applications for cell culture technologies, efficient large-scale mammalian cell production processes are typically carried out in stirred fed-batch or perfusion bioreactors. The specific aspects of each individual process that can be considered when determining the method of choice are presented. A major challenge for perfusion reactor design and operation is the...

Ultrasonic spraying was used in a three-phase reactor to produce small droplets of triolein mixed with CaO as solid catalyst at temperatures above the boiling point methanol for enhancement transesterification triolein. Droplets fell countercurrent flow and were collected bottom reactor, followed by circulation ultrasonic spray system. The experimental parameters included rates 2.5–9.0 mL/min, ...

A software package, named ViSFoTA, has been developed for analysing vibration signal using Fourier Transformation and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The package has been developed primarily for applications in seismology. It can also be used to perform analysis of time series generated by any vibration signals in different frequency bands. The package is therefore equally useful in bio-medica...

Liquid sodium is the heat transport medium in fast breeder reactors due to its favorable chemical, physical, and nuclear properties. Wetting of liquid with material reactor components essential for effective functioning reactor. wetting plays a crucial role, such as (i) transfer (ii) image reconstruction under ultrasonic scanners. Contact angle inverse measure liquids over solid surfaces. A con...