Despite providing robustness, high-gain observers impose a peaking phenomenon, which may cause instability, on the system states. In this paper, an adaptive saturation is proposed to attenuate the undesirable mentioned phenomenon in high-gain observers. A real-valued and differentiable sigmoid function is considered as the saturating element whose parameters (height and slope) are adaptively tu...

The smaller the system, typically - the higher is the impact of fluctuations. In narrow superconducting wires sufficiently close to the critical temperature T(c) thermal fluctuations are responsible for the experimentally observable finite resistance. Quite recently it became possible to fabricate sub-10 nm superconducting structures, where the finite resistivity was reported within the whole r...

Ferromagnetism in graphene is fascinating, but it is still a big challenge for practical applications due to the weak magnetization. In order to enhance the magnetization, here, we design plasma-enabled graphene nanopetals with ultra-long defective edges of up to 105 m/g, ultra-dense lattice vacancies, and hydrogen chemisorptions. The designed graphene nanopetals display robust ferromagnetism w...

As the high-brightness electron beams become denser and reach sub-100 μm sizes, a resolution of the transverse profile diagnostics become an important issue. The applicability of the traditional scintillators as the diagnostics for most generic transverse properties of small dense beams is questionable. Recently, a YAG:Ce single crystal was used successfully, but studies indicated the presence ...

In this paper we present chromospheric emission levels of the solar-type stars in the young open clusters IC 2391 and IC 2602. High resolution spectroscopic data were obtained for over 50 F, G, and K stars from these clusters over several observing campaigns using the University College London Echelle Spectrograph on the 3.9-m Anglo-Australian Telescope. Unlike older clusters, the majority (28/...

PURPOSE Conventional saturation pulses cannot be used for 7 Tesla ultra-high-resolution time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF MRA) due to specific absorption rate (SAR) limitations. We overcome these limitations by utilizing low flip angle, variable rate selective excitation (VERSE) algorithm saturation pulses. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-five neurosurgical patients (male n = 8, ...

We note that the phenomenon of perturbative saturation leads to transverse momentum broadening in the spectrum of partons produced in hadronic collisions. This broadening has a simple interpretation as parton level Cronin effect. The effect appears for systems in which saturation is generated by the ”tree level” GlauberMueller mechanism as well as for those where it results form the nonlinear Q...

Study and analysis of a proposed high-voltage high current switching n-p-n silicon germanium single-heterojunction bipolar transistor (SHBT) is performed using 2D MEDICI device simulator. A theoretical formulation is provided to substantiate the simulation results obtained regarding quasi-saturation phenomenon in bipolar transistors. Comparison with the conventional high-voltage current switchi...

Linking the slow-roll scenario and the Dirac-Born-Infeld scenario of ultra-relativistic roll (where, thanks to the warp factor, the inflaton moves slowly even with an ultra-relativistic Lorentz factor), we find that the KKLMMT D3-D̄3-brane inflation is robust, that is, enough e-folds of inflation is quite generic in the parameter space of the model. We show that the intermediate regime of relati...

It is argued that the gluon density introduced by A.Mueller [5] in relation to the saturation phenomenon is different from the standardly defined one, which turned out to have a soliton-like form in the numerical calculations. It is shown that A.Mueller’s densities obtained from the latter possess the same saturation properties as originally predicted.