The distribution of curvature and of bending speed along the cell's growing region are studied during steady state phototropic bending. At the start, elemental bending speed parallels the known axial distribution of growth rate. Hence regional phototropic sensitivity is initially determined by the local growth rate, and unilateral visible light acts proportionally at all levels of the growth zo...

scape bending disorder is the most important factor affecting postharvest loss of gerbera cut flowers. one of the ultimate reasons for gerbera stem bending is lignin, with deformation structural functions and defensive mechanisms. this postharvest experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) and peroxidase (pod) enzymes activity in stem bending of two gerbe...

Motivated by recent experiments on current induced step bunching on Si(111) surfaces, we study a generalized 2D Barton-Cabrera-Franck model, where adatoms have a diffusion bias parallel to the step edges and there is an attachment barrier at the step edge. We find a new linear instability with novel step patterns. Monte Carlo simulations on a solid-on-solid model are used to study the instabili...

Finite element analysis of a tubular T-joint subjected to various loading conditions including pure axial loading, pure in-plane bending (IPB) and different ratios of axial loading to in-plane bending loading has been carried out. This effort has been established to estimate magnitudes of the peak hot spot stresses (HSS) at the brace/chord intersection and to find the corresponding locations as...

Transmission electron microscopy techniques are applied to investigate three-dimensional (3D) microstructures of the GaN nonplanar substrate selectively grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Two-step lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) has been utilized and optimized to fabricate fully coalesced nonplanar mesa substrate templates with the trapezoidal cross-section. All threading dislo...

Superstructure-formation of DNA plays an important role in transcription regulation as well as in chromatin formation. To understand the stereochemical basis of DNA bending by proteins we analysed the structural characteristics of dinucleotide steps which occur at the site where DNA is bent upon binding a transcription factor. When DNA is considerably bent in a crystal structure the bending is ...

DNA bending caused by introduction of carbocyclic sugars constrained to the north conformation was studied, using explicit solvent molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The native Drew-Dickerson (DD) dodecamer and its three modifications containing north carbocyclic sugars in the 7th (T7*), 8th (T8*) or both 7th and 8th (T7T8*) nucleotide positions were examined. Introduction of the carbocyclic s...