BACKGROUND Immigrants is an important minority in many countries, but little is known how they are self-selected. We analysed differences in psycho-social and health behavioural factors between international migrants and non-migrants prior to migration in a large cohort of Finnish twins. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to Finnish twins in 1975 (response rate 89%, N = 26555 twin individuals)....

The environmental satellite ENVISAT was successfully launched by the European Space Agency ESA in March 2002 and carries among other sensors a radar altimeter which is capable of measuring the height between sea surface and satellite with a precision of a few centimetres. Unfortunately, radar altimeters of this kind exhibit a bias which cannot be determined à priori with help of laboratory meas...

Abstract Swarm is the first European Space Agency (ESA) constellation mission for Earth Observation. Three identical satellites were launched into near-polar orbits on 22 November 2013. Each satellite hosts a range of instruments, including Langmuir probe, GPS receivers, and magnetometers, from which ionospheric plasma can be sampled current systems inferred. In March 2018, CASSIOPE/e-POP was f...

By August 2016, 5 new-generation BeiDou satellites (BeiDou-3) have successfully been launched. The observations of a very limited number of 9 International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Monitoring and Assessment Service (iGMAS) stations and 52 Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations from 16 July to 14 August 2016 are processed to determine the orbits of BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-2 satellite...

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This document is a submission to the IETF Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) Working Group. Comments are solicited and should be addresse...

I. Introduction Over the next few years a large number of satellites designed to image the earth's surface will be launched. These satellites, quite commonly, will have a large range in spatial as well as spectral resolutions. The potential for users to become overwhelmed, not only by the quantity of data, but also by the problem of multiple pixel sizes is very real. Second, individual platform...

The GRACE mission that was launched in 2002 has impressively proven the feasibility of low-orbit satellite-to-satellite tracking for Earth gravity observations. Especially mass transport related to Earth's hydrological system could be well resolved both spatially and temporally. This allows to study processes such as polar ice sheet decline and ground water depletion in great detail. Owing to G...