the application of a comprehensive model of communicative language ability (cla) to language teaching and testing has always been an imperative in l2 education since hymess proposal of communicative competence in the 1970s. recent l2 research has clearly underscored the importance of sufficient pragmatics representation as an essential component of cla in pedagogical and testing practices in l2...

abstract in first part of this project, the use of a new and biguanid-like catalyst supported on silica as a recyclable catalyst provides a new route for the synthesis of a variety of arylalkylidene rhodanine derivatives through knoevenagle reaction in at present of solvent at room temperature. rhodanine derivatives and especially arylalkylidene rhodanines have proven to be attractive compound...

the debate whether esp teachers need to have knowledge of the specialized field they are teaching has been an issue in the literature over the last two decades. the aim of conducting this study was to explore iranian learners’ and instructors’ beliefs and attitudes concerning the role of specialized knowledge in teaching esp classes. a seventeen item questionnaire was administered to 400 esp le...

a major concern in the last few years has been the fact that the cultural centers are keeping distance with what they have been established for and instead of reproducing the hegemony, they have turned into a place for resistance and reproduction of resistance against hegemony. because the cultural centers, as urban public spaces in the last two decades, have been the subject of ideological dis...

We study tunneling conductance of a graphene based normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) junction with Corbino disk structure. Solving Dirac-Bogolioubov- De Gennes (DBdG) equation in different regions of the junction and employing scattering approach we obtain normal and Andreev reflection coefficients of the junction. Using Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) formula we calculate tunneling co...

vocabulary as a major component of language learning has been the object of numerous studies each of which has its own contribution to the field. finding the best way of learning the words deeply and extensively is the common objective of most of those studies. however, one effective way for achieving this goal is somehow neglected in the field. using a variety of activities such as games can r...

In this paper, to understand the concept of coupling, molecule density of states that coupled to the metal electrodes will be explained then, based on this concept, a weak and strong coupling for the molecules attached to the metal electrodes will be described. Capacitance model is used to explore the connection of addition energy with the Electron affinity and the ionization energy of the mole...