For the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) and the Accelerator Driven Transmutation Facility (ADTF), tungsten is being proposed as a target material to produce neutrons. Previous work showed that the mechanical properties of tungsten are degraded from irradiation in a neutron flux but little work had been performed on the irradiation of tungsten in a high energy proton beam. In this study,...

objective: increased enamel surface roughness following orthodontic bracket debonding leads to increased plaque accumulation and enamel decalcification. therefore, different methods are employed to achieve smoother enamel surfaces after bracket debonding. this study compared enamel surface roughness following orthodontic bracket debonding and composite resin removal using white stone and tungst...

Abstract: current densities. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results showed that the codeposition mechanism oftungsten in Ni-W deposition is the reduction of tungsten oxide which changed to the reduction of tungsten-containingion complexes at higher current densities. In Co-W electrodeposition, the tungsten codeposition takes place viareduction of tungsten oxide, although, the role...

This study investigates the dissolution, sorption, leachability, and plant uptake of tungsten and alloying metals from canister round munitions in the presence of model, well characterized soils. The source of tungsten was canister round munitions, composed mainly of tungsten (95%) with iron and nickel making up the remaining fraction. Three soils were chosen for the lysimeter studies while fou...

Gonderman, Sean Robert. M.S.N.E., Purdue University, August 2014. Correlating Grain Size to Radiation Damage Tolerance of Tungsten Materials Exposed to Relevant Fusion Conditions. Major Professor: Jean Paul Allian. Tungsten remains a leading candidate for plasma facing component (PFC) in future fusion devices. This is in large part due to its strong thermal and mechanical properties. The ITER p...

BACKGROUND In recent years there has been an exponential increase in tungsten demand, potentially increasing human exposure to the metal. Currently, the toxicology of tungsten is poorly understood, but mounting evidence suggests that both the elemental metal and its alloys have cytotoxic effects. Here, we investigate the association between tungsten and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or stroke us...

Heavy metal tungsten alloys have replaced lead and depleted uranium in many munitions applications, due to public perception of these elements as environmentally unsafe. Tungsten materials left in the environment may become bioaccessible as tungstate, which might lead to population exposure through water and soil contamination. Although tungsten had been considered a relatively inert and toxico...

Tungsten chemical-mechanical polished integrated circuits were used to study the alignment and immobilization of mammalian (Vero) cells. These devices consist of blanket silicon oxide thin films embedded with micro- and nano-meter scale tungsten metal line structures on the surface. The final surfaces are extremely flat and smooth across the entire substrate, with a roughness in the order of na...

This investigation originated in a report by Dr. Joan Cotterill, one of H.M. medical inspectors of factories, that workers in a Midlands factory making hard cutting tools complained of shortness of breath and that in radiographs of their lungs, some of them showed abnormal shadows. Many of the processes in the factory are trade secrets, but it is known that powdered cobalt metal is used as a bo...

High-resolution X-ray absorption measurements (with an accuracy of +/-0.3 eV) of ZnSO(4) (aq) were performed with ultrafast selected energy X-ray absorption spectroscopy (USEXAS) using a laser-driven tungsten target X-ray source. The results were used to determine the absolute spectral positions of characteristic emission lines. By comparing these positions to those predicted for the line emiss...