It is now widely accepted that cancer is attributed to the accumulation of genetic alterations in cells. Thus, to understand the molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis, it is indispensable to identify the genes whose alterations accumulate during cancer progression as well as the genes whose expression is responsible for the acquisition of metastatic potential in cancer cells. Molecular anal...

tory, although the time course may be quite variable. This phenomenon has been termed tumor progression, and Foulds (1,2) first pointed out that the process appears to develop in a stepwise fashion through qualitatively different stages. Others, including the author, have subsequently suggested that this biological and clinical progression might reflect, at least in part, the sequential appeara...

Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the main mediators of cell-cell communication, permitting cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and metabolites in varying physiological pathological conditions. They contain signature tumor-derived molecules that reflect intracellular status their cell origin. Recent studies have shown tumor cell-derived EVs can aid cancer metastasis through modula...