In this data, non-pregnant women during the menstrual cycle, women with normal intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), and women with tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP) after informed consent were included. The serum levels of 17β-estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)...

In the majority of women, chlamydia infections occur during adolescence, and remain asymptomatic. These unrecognized and untreated infections may increase the risk for tubal factor subfertility at a later age. Since the association between chlamydia IgG antibodies in serum and tubal pathology was noticed, chlamydia antibody testing (CAT) has been used in the fertility work-up as an inexpensive ...

BACKGROUND Infertility is increasingly becoming a significant health problem in many areas of the world. The infection which is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of tubal factor infertility secondary to salpingitis. However, the data which pertains to infertility attributed to the C. trachomatis infection is limited in India. AIMS To evaluate the chlamydial infection in women w...

INTRODUCTION Chlamydia is an important cause of sexually transmitted diseases leading to tubal factor infertility. BACKGROUND This study aims to define the role of chlamydial antibody detection in predicting presence, nature and type of tubal pathology in laparoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 200 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopy as a part of infe...

BACKGROUND Tubal factor infertility is one of the main causes of female infertility. Although its sensitivity is low, hysterosalpingography (HSG) is remains the first-line method for evaluating tubal patency. AIMS To compare pregnancy rates in patients with HSG proven proximal or distal unilateral tubal occlusion, and unexplained infertility undergoing both controlled ovarian stimulation (COS...

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Chlamydia serology as a screening test for tubal infertility and to compare the results with hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopic findings. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study undertaken on 110 infertile women treated in the IVF Ward, at Emam Khomeini Hospital, Sari, Iran who underwent laparoscopy a...

Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies are a rare subgroup of ectopic pregnancies implanted at sites other than the Fallopian tube. Mortality fromnon-tubal ectopic pregnancies is higher comparedwith that for tubal ectopic pregnancies, and theyarebecomingmore common, partly due to the rising incidence of Caesarean sections and use of assisted reproductive technologies. Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies can b...

BACKGROUND Ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during the first trimester and the incidence increases dramatically with assisted-reproductive technology (ART), occurring in approximately 1.5-2.1 % of patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Abdominal ectopic pregnancy is a rare yet clinically significant form of ectopic pregnancy due to potentiall...

INTRODUCTION The objectives were to assess the diagnostic value of hysterosalpingography (HSG) with laparoscopy as gold standard in the evaluation of tubal patency and pelvic adhesions in women suffering from infertility. METHODS We conducted a comparative cross sectional study on 208 medical files of infertile women followed up at the Yaoundé General Hospital during a period of five years (D...

Infertility is a worldwide health problem with one in six couples suffering from this condition and with a major economic burden on the global healthcare industry. Estimates of the current global infertility rate suggest that 15% of couples are infertile (ZegersHochschild et al., 2009) defined as: (1) failure to conceive after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse (i.e. infertility); (2) c...