This paper provides the survey of the heuristics solution approaches for the traveling salesman problem (TSP). TSP is easy to understand, however, it is very difficult to solve. Due to complexity involved with exact solution approaches it is hard to solve TSP within feasible time. That’s why different heuristics are generally applied to solve TSP. Heuristics to solve TSP are presented here with...

although the structure of human t lymphoptropic virus type i (htlv-i) has been known well, the function of some proteins encoded by htlv-i px region is not fully understood. furthermore, the responses of the immune system to htlv-i remain still unknown. most of htlv-i-infected individuals show a strong and persistently activated cytotoxic t-cell (ctl) response to the virus. the frequency of htl...

Hyperleptinemia, characteristic of diabetes and a hallmark feature of human obesity, contributes to the increased risk of atherosclerotic complications. However, molecular mechanisms mediating leptin-induced atherogenesis and gene expression in vascular cells remain incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence documents a critical role of a potent antiangiogenic and proatherogenic matricellul...

Bacterial binding was studied to determine whether thrombospondin-1 (TSP) acts as a ligand in attachment of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). Twenty-five of 27 CNS strains bound soluble TSP. Staphylococcus epidermidis J9P bound 125I-labelled TSP in a dose-dependent manner. Scatchard plot analysis of the binding of TSP by strain J9P revealed two Kd values of 6.4 x 10(-9) M and 2.9 x 10(-8)...

This study aims to determine the effect of combined use Urea and TSP fertilizers on Protein content Spirulina sp. research was conducted for 10 days at Center Brackish Water Aquaculture (BPBAP) Takalar. The method used in this is an experimental design with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using 4 treatments 3 replications, namely Treatment A (0.4 g/l + 0.008 TSP), B (0.5 0.010 C (0.6 0.012 T...

The platelet-secreted protein thrombospondin (TSP) potentiates tumor cell metastasis. Human TSP injected i.v. into mice 5 min prior to i.v. injection of T241 sarcoma cells potentiates lung tumor colony formation. Several lines of evidence suggest that the TSP-enhancing effect involves both TSP-mediated tumor cell adhesion and the host's hemostatic system: (a) TSP potentiates the initial, rapid ...

Tumor angiogenesis, a major requirement for tumor outgrowth and metastasis, is regulated by pro- and antiangiogenic factors. Methylation-associated inactivation of the angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) has been observed recently in some adult tumors. To investigate the role of TSP-1 in pediatric cancer, we examined its pattern of expression and mechanisms of regulation in neurobla...

Previous reports have established that line 1, a spontaneous BALB/c lung carcinoma, expresses a M, 180,000 tumor-associ ated surface antigen (TSP-180). In this study, using a monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry to quantify cell surface TSP-180 expression, we found that essentially all cells in a tissue cultureadapted line 1 population express TSP-180, but that the amount of TSP-180 expressed...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiogenesis occurs after cerebral ischemia, and the extent of angiogenesis has been correlated with survival in stroke patients. However, postischemic angiogenesis is short-lived and may be completely terminated within a few weeks after ischemic insult. The molecular mechanism underlying the dissolution of postischemic angiogenic processes is poorly understood. Although ...