This chapter aims to contribute to the effective design of the rules that could allow lowcost carbon sequestration efforts in any number of tropical locations to replace high-cost emissions-reduction efforts in developed northern countries.2 The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol could potentially create such a market. This market could provide benefits for the tropical cou...

This paper introduces new data on climatic conditions to empirical tests of growth theories. We find that, since 1960, temperate countries have converged towards high levels of income while tropical nations have converged towards various income levels associated with economic scale and the extent of the market. These results hold for a wide range of tests. A plausible explanation is that temper...

Diphtheria as an epidemic disease is comparatively infrequent in tropical countries. There is evidence, however, that the disease is endemic in India and in other equatorial zones. From studies made in a number of countries, the epidemiology of the disease has become more easily understood than before. Certain features may, therefore, be now fitted into the epidemiological conception of this an...

Until 1997, there was no formal teaching in tropical medicine in Arabian Peninsular countries, although many tropical diseases (for example, malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, filariasis), are endemic in the region. A six month, part time Diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (DTM&H) course was established in the Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, in 1997, for small g...

Despite the large implications of the use of tropical land for exports ("land absorption") on ecosystem services (ES) and global biodiversity conservation, the magnitude of these externalities is not known. We quantify the net value of ES lost in tropical countries as a result of cropland, forestland and pastureland absorption for exports after deducting ES gains through imports ("land displace...

Filariasis is a disabling parasitic disease and it constitutes as a major health problem in most of the tropical and sub-tropical countries. One hundred and twenty million people in at least 80 tropical and sub-tropical countries are infected with lymphatic filarial parasite, with one billion people being at risk of the disease. The laboratory diagnosis of filariasis is conventionally made by d...

Crops that are not part of the customary diet of the local population and grown primarily for their high cash values and export potentials are categorized as nontraditional. Recently, several African countries have gone into the production of nontraditional fruits and vegetables of temperate origin in order to diversify their agricultural exports and increase hard currency earning. Most develop...

Radiol Bras. 2015 Mar/Abr;48(2):IX The so called “tropical” infections are those typically found in the regions between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. In the past, such infections were found in the temperate zones of the earth. Examples to be mentioned include the Black Death occurred in Europe in the middle ages, and also ancylostomiasis and malaria, in the United States of America, earl...