Human carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the hydration and dehydration of CO2 and HCO3 (-), respectively. The reaction follows a ping-pong mechanism, in which the rate-limiting step is the transfer of a proton from the zinc-bound solvent (OH(-)/H2O) in/out of the active site via His64, which is widely believed to be the proton-shuttling residue. The decreased cataly...

Abstract The construction of 7-membered ring via direct C7–H cyclization benzoimidazoles with alkenes would provide a more atom- and step-economical route to tricyclic imidazoles derivatives that widely exist in broad range bioactive molecules. However, transition metal-catalyzed C–H for medium-ring synthesis has been limited reactive bonds, instead, the activation unreactive bonds towards medi...

Diphosphopyridine nucleotide reacts chemically with a number of reagents, including alkali (l), cyanide (2, 3), bisulfite ions (2, 3), dihydroxyacetone (4), dithionite ions (5), hydroxylamine (6), mercaptans (7), and aromatic amines (8). All of these reagents are nucleophilic agents which react on a positive center. It is generally assumed that these reactions involve the addition of the nucleo...

Diphosphopyridine nucleotide reacts chemically with a number of reagents, including alkali (l), cyanide (2, 3), bisulfite ions (2, 3), dihydroxyacetone (4), dithionite ions (5), hydroxylamine (6), mercaptans (7), and aromatic amines (8). All of these reagents are nucleophilic agents which react on a positive center. It is generally assumed that these reactions involve the addition of the nucleo...

Unsaturated vegetable oils and their corresponding fatty acid derivatives constitute interesting renewable platforms for the preparation of heterocycles, notably through formation oxygenated intermediates. In this work, imidazoles were prepared from 1,2-diketones Debus-Radziszewski reaction. The reaction was optimized under microwave irradiation using a 1,2-diketone derived methyl oleate ammoni...

Microwave-activated synthesis is a special and remarkable technique in modern synthetic organic chemistry. In the current research, it described microwave-assisted of 2-aryl-4,5-dicarbonitrile imidazole derivatives via one-step reaction between aromatic aldehydes 2,3-diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN) using HNO3 as metal-free catalyst strong oxidizing agent. The present methodology has significant adva...

Flavohemoglobins metabolize nitric oxide (NO) to nitrate and protect bacteria and fungi from NO-mediated damage, growth inhibition, and killing by NO-releasing immune cells. Antimicrobial imidazoles were tested for their ability to coordinate flavohemoglobin and inhibit its NO dioxygenase (NOD) function. Miconazole, econazole, clotrimazole, and ketoconazole inhibited the NOD activity of Escheri...