Many medical and therapeutic cuneiform texts have been recovered from sites in ancient Mesopotamia, but no specifically surgical text has yet been found. Although it is possible that surgical texts may be found in the future, it is rather unlikely. Their absence cannot be taken as proof that the ancient Mesopotamians did not practise surgery; it is probable that surgical techniques were handed ...

cranial injury, as it is known today, is not a new concern of modern medicine. on stepping on the earth, the man was in reality encountered with various types of injuries, particularly those of a cranial nature. leading a life, whether wild or civilized, has always been associated with injuries for human race from the very beginning of birth. therefore, managing cases of this type has gradually...