Computational models of muscle generally lump the material properties of connective tissue, muscle fibers, and muscle fascicles together into one constitutive relationship that assumes a transversely isotropic microstructure. These models do not take into account how variations in the microstructure of muscle affect its macroscopic material properties. The goal of this work was to develop micro...

In this paper, the equation of motion for an incompressible transversely isotropic fibre-reinforced elastic solid is derived in terms of a scalar function.   The general solution of the equation of motion is obtained, which satisfies the required radiation condition.  The appropriate traction free boundary conditions are also satisfied by the solution to obtain the required secular equation for...

The simple shear test may provide unique information regarding the material response of parallel-fibered soft tissues because it allows the elimination of the dominant fiber material response from the overall stresses. However, inhomogeneities in the strain field due to clamping and free edge effects have not been documented. The finite element method was used to study finite simple shear of si...

The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of intact rocks is one of the key parameters in the course of site characterizations. The isotropy/anisotropy condition of the UCS of intact rocks is dependent on the internal structure of the rocks. The rocks with a random grain structure exhibit an isotropic behavior. However, the rocks with a linear/planar grain structure generally behave transversely-...

The wavefields generated by monopole and dipole sources in a fluid filled borehole embedded in multilayered transversely isotropic saturated porous formations are studied. The layers are modeled following Biot theory modified in accordance with homogenization theory. It allows to take into account a transversely isotropic skeleton and/or a transversely isotropic complex permeability tensor. The...

Elastic surface waves propagating at the interface between an isotropic substrate and a thin, transversely isotropic film are analyzed. The transverse isotropy is conferred by fibers lying parallel to the interface. A rigorous leading-order model of the thin-film/substrate interface is derived from the equations of three-dimensional elasticity for prestressed, transversely isotropic films havin...

A method of calculating dispersion curves for guided waves in slight, azimuthally anisotropic formations is developed with perturbation theory. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid, the formation perfectly elastic and homogeneous, and the ·borehole wall cylindrical. The first step is calculating the elastic moduli for a transversely isotropic formation whose moduli are close to those for the azi...

Indentation testing has frequently been used as a method to obtain the material properties of articular cartilage in compression [1]. To account for the wellestablished anisotropic nature of cartilage [2] previous studies have modeled the cartilage as a transversely isotropic biphasic material using optimized FEM curvefitting techniques to obtain the material properties of the tissue in compres...

Ligaments and tendons undergo volume loss when stretched along the primary fiber axis, which is evident by the large, strain-dependent Poisson's ratios measured during quasi-static tensile tests. Continuum constitutive models that have been used to describe ligament material behavior generally assume incompressibility, which does not reflect the volumetric material behavior seen experimentally....