Pilot projects appear in many forms in policy making and management. In an effort to understand the nature and use of pilot projects and improve their effectiveness, we undertake a practicebased and theoretical study of the pilot project phenomenon. First, we examine the roles assigned to pilot projects in the policy development literature and explore their use in a Dutch water innovation platf...

transfer-transport of the waste is one of key functional elements in solid waste management from technical and financial viewpoint. unfortunately very few reach activities has been conducted in this field regarding local characteristic of phenomenon which urges undertaking local surveys and research projects. tehran organization of waste recycling and composting has decided to investigate diffe...

1. Auriculotherapy was effective in relieving the symptoms of constipation and improving quality of life for elderly people. 2. Auriculotherapy had a significant time effect in relieving symptoms of constipation, a greater reduction in scores for symptoms of constipation and quality of life, and an increased number of bowel movements per week, compared with controls. 3. The methodology of this ...

The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice provides a framework for building the baccalaureate education for the twenty-first century. One of the exemplars included in the essentials toolkit includes student participation in an actual root cause analysis (RCA) or failure mode effects analysis. To align with this exemplar, faculty at the University of Michigan Sc...

BACKGROUND There is little evidence about the effects of environmental interventions on population levels of physical activity. Major transport projects may promote or discourage physical activity in the form of walking and cycling, but researching the health effects of such "natural experiments" in transport policy or infrastructure is challenging. METHODS Case study of attempts in 2004-2005...

Objective: To characterize the evolution in functions of passenger transport hubs and to identify their types. determine specificities investment projects for hub development. clarify classify risks appeared development propose mechanism distribution amongst projects' participants. Methods: Review analysis scientific literature on hubs. Comparative functionality features different countries cit...

Motorised mobility has increased in a significant way in last years in European cities, and this has brought too much congestion in urban areas, which has deteriorated city centres’ liveable conditions. For that reason, there is a need of effective and flexible transport systems in order to improve this situation in favour of public transport. The investment on design and innovation of competit...