We introduce a model allowing convenient calculation of the spectral reflectance and transmittance of duplex prints. It is based on flux transfer matrices and enables retrieving classical Kubelka-Munk formulas, as well as extended formulas for nonsymmetric layers. By making different assumptions on the flux transfers, we obtain two predictive models for the duplex halftone prints: the "duplex C...

What are the physical and sensory determinants of perceived transparency? To explore this question, we simulated pairs of physically different neutral density filters on a CRT and asked observers to match their perceived transparency. Matching was accomplished by adjusting one of two physically independent filter properties, reflectivity and inner transmittance. Results show that observers can ...

The phenomenon of photon tunneling, which depends on evanescent waves for radiative transfer, has important applications in microscale energy conversion devices and nearfield optical microscopy. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in the socalled negative index materials (NIMs), which have simultaneously negative electric permittivity and negative magnetic permeability. The pres...

This work accounts for an investigation about the diurnal variation of aerosol spectral transmittance of solar irradiance under dominant wind conditions as case studies. Such a work is carried out in Athens for first time. The spectral transmittance values estimated were derived using Ž . ground-based spectral measurements of beam irradiance in the range 310–575 nm UV and VIS . The data were re...

For transparent conducting electrodes in optoelectronic devices, electrical sheet resistance and optical transmittance are two of the main criteria. Recently, metal nanowires have been demonstrated to be a promising type of transparent conducting electrode because of low sheet resistance and high transmittance. Here we incorporate a mesoscale metal wire (1-5 μm in diameter) into metal nanowire ...

Abstract. This paper presents result of a study on radiation damage and recovery for lead tungstate crystals produced at BTCP and SIC. Correlations were observed between initial light output and initial longitudinal transmittance at 360 nm, between the loss of longitudinal transmittance at 440 nm and the loss of light output, and between radiation damages levels at different dose rates. No corr...

We have measured the transport properties of two mesoscopic hybrid loops composed of a normal-metal arm and a superconducting arm. The samples differed in the transmittance of the normal/superconducting interfaces. While the low transmittance sample showed monotonic behavior in the low temperature resistance, magnetoresistance and differential resistance, the high transmittance sample showed re...

We present broadband measurements of the optical properties of tissue-mimicking solid phantoms using a single integrating sphere to measure the hemispherical reflectance and transmittance under a direct illumination at the normal incident angle. These measurements are traceable to reflectance and transmittance scales. An inversion routine using the output of the adding-doubling algorithm restri...

An in vitro test for the development of corneal opacity in response ocular irritants was first proposed by Muir (1984). This test required the clamping of a bovine cornea between two chambers filled with physiologic saline and measuring the transmittance of white light through the cornea using the voltage output of a photocell. This was followed by exposure of the epithelial surface of the corn...

This paper presents an advanced patterned vertical aligned nematic liquid crystal (APVA) mode as a way of improving the transmittance of the conventional patterned, vertically-aligned nematic liquid crystal (PVA) mode. The APVA was characterized by multi-electrodes, which play an important role in generating a horizontal electric field that prevents LC disclination in the vicinity of the middle...